Christianity Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards created to review key terminology and concepts from the Christianity lecture notes.

Christology

The branch of theology that studies the nature, person, and work of Jesus Christ.

Incarnation

The Christian belief that God became human in the person of Jesus of Nazareth.

Atonement

The act by which Jesus reconciled humanity to God, overcoming sin and its consequences.

Growing Pains

The challenges faced by the proto-Christian movement as it began to differentiate from Judaism.

Judaizers

A group of early Christians who believed that Gentile converts to Christianity must follow the Jewish Law.

Jerusalem Conference

A meeting of early Christian leaders to decide if Gentile converts needed to follow Jewish Law, especially circumcision.

Baptism

The Christian ritual of submersion in water representing a spiritual cleansing and initiation.

The Lord's Supper

A ceremony representing Jesus' body and blood, commemorating the Last Supper.

Bishop

A spiritual leader in the early church responsible for overseeing congregations.

Presbyter

A church leader who taught, preached, and provided guidance in the early church.

Deacon

A church leader focused on practicing charity and service.

Patristic Period

The period from 100-500 CE marked by the building of theology, doctrine, and practices of Christianity.

Edict of Milan

A proclamation that granted religious tolerance throughout the Roman Empire, legalizing Christianity.

Council of Nicaea

A church council that addressed the Arian controversy regarding the nature of Christ.

Orthodoxy

Correct belief in the context of Christian doctrine and teachings.

Heresy

False teaching that deviates from orthodox beliefs.

Pentecostalism

A Christian movement emphasizing a personal experience of God through the Holy Spirit.

Vatican II

A major ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church held from 1962 to 1965.

Social Gospel Movement

A Protestant movement that aimed to address social issues through Christian ethics.

Asceticism

A lifestyle of self-denial and discipline aimed at growing closer to God.

Monasticism

A movement involving withdrawal from society to live devoted to prayer and spiritual growth.

Martin Luther

A German monk and theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation by challenging Church practices.

Enlightenment

An intellectual and cultural movement in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Radical Reformation

The movement by radical reformers advocating for adult baptism and nonviolence.

Heterousios

The belief in a different substance than God, associated with Arianism.

Homoousios

The belief in the same substance as God, affirming the divinity of Christ.