Microbial Biotechnology Midterm

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 28

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

29 Terms

1

Symbiosis

From Greek endo, meaning “inside,” and symbiosis, meaning “to live with”

  • Mutualism

  • Commensalilsm

  • Parasitism

  • Amensalism

New cards
2

Mutualism

both symbionts and hosts benefit

Ex: Human guts provide a moist environment and nutrients for gut microbiota and microbes provide vitamin precursor

<p>both symbionts and hosts benefit</p><p>Ex: Human guts provide a moist environment and nutrients for gut microbiota and microbes provide vitamin precursor</p>
New cards
3

Commensalism

One symbiont benefit without affecting the other

Ex: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a commensal bacterium that can live on human skin without causing disease

<p>One symbiont benefit without affecting the other </p><p>Ex: <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) is a commensal bacterium that can live on human skin without causing disease</p>
New cards
4

Parasitism

Host is damaged while symbionts benefits

Ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human lungs

<p>Host is damaged while symbionts benefits</p><p>Ex: <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in human lungs</p>
New cards
5

Amensalism

One symbionts is harmed while second symbiont is unharmed/benefit

<p>One symbionts is harmed while second symbiont is unharmed/benefit</p>
New cards
6

Microflora (microbiota)

Microbes that colonize the body without causing disease

New cards
7

______ protects fetus from microbes.

Amniotic membrane and fluid

New cards
8

Commensal organism

  • an organism that lives in close association with another organism

  • Microbes normally found at various nonsterile body sites

New cards
9

Resident microbiota

  • A part of normal microbiota throughout life

  • Mostly commensal

  • Found on skin and mucous membranes (of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, distal portion of urethra, and vagina)

New cards
10

Transient microbiota

  • Duration: 1 hour to months

  • Found in the same regions as resident microbiota

  • Cannot persist because:

    • Competition from other microorganisms

      • Transient outnumbered resident microbiota because of anitibiotics

    • Elimination by the body’s defense cells

    • Chemical or physical changes in the body

New cards
11

Upper Respiratory Tract Resident Microbiota

  • Microbiota of the trachea and bronchi are sparse compared to those in nose and mouth

  • Microbes in alveoli are axenic → no natural microbiota

New cards
12

Axenic microbe

a microbe that is grown in a culture free of other organisms

New cards
13

Upper Digestive Tract Resident Microbiota

  • Microbes colonize surfaces of teeth, gingiva, lining of cheeks, and pharynx

  • Microbes found in large number in saliva

  • Dozens of unidentified microbes

New cards
14

Lower Digestive Tract Resident Microbiota

  • Strictly anaerobes bacteria, while some facultative anaerobes are also resident

  • Stomach bacteria love acidic enviroment

New cards
15

Female Urinary and Reproductive Resident Microbiota

  • Microbiota changes based on the menstrual cycle because of acidity changes

  • Urine flow prevents extensive colonization in urethra & bladder

New cards
16

Male Urinary and Reproductive Resident Microbiota

  • Urine flow prevents extensive colonization in urethra & bladder

New cards
17

Eye & Skin Resident Microbiota

  • Microbiota live in dead layers of the skin and hair follicles of the epidermis

  • Microbiota in dermis and hypodermis are axenic

  • Tears washes microbiota from eyes

New cards
18

_______ prevents microbial contamination and newborns get established their microbiota during ___ from their ___.

  • Anemiotic fluid and placenta

  • 1st month of life

  • Environment (breathing, breast feeding, etc.)

New cards
19

Microbial antagonism

  • The competition between normal microbes and pathogens for nutrients and space

  • Reinforces the body’s defense by limiting the ability of pathogens to colonize the skin and mucous membranes (synthesizing antimicrobial compound)

New cards
20
New cards
21
New cards
22
New cards
23
New cards
24
New cards
25
New cards
26
New cards
27
New cards
28
New cards
29
New cards
robot