Psych Exam 1

What is Compensation defense mechanism?

Emphasizing strengths to make up for weaknesses

What is Denial defense mechanism?

Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or the feelings associated with it

What is Displacement defense mechanism?

Feelings are transferred from one target to another that is considered less threatening or neutral

What is Identification defense mechanism?

An attempt to increase self-worth by consciously or unconsciously acquiring certain characteristics or attributes from another that one admires

What is Intellectualization defense mechanism?

An attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual processes of logic, reasoning, and analysis

What is Introjection defense mechanism?

Integrating the beliefs and values of another individual into one's own ego structure

What is Isolation defense mechanism?

The separation of a thought or a memory from the feeling, tone, or emotion associated with it

What is Projection defense mechanism?

Attributing one's feelings or impulses that are unacceptable to self to another person (never healthy)

What is Rationalization defense mechanism?

Creating reasonable and acceptable explanations for unacceptable behaviors

What is Reaction Formation defense mechanism?

Preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or types of behaviors

What is Regression defense mechanism?

Responding to stress by retreating to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning

What is Repression Defense mechanism?

The involuntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one's awareness

What is the Sublimation defense mechanism?

The rechanneling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive. (always healthy)

What is Supression?

Voluntarily blocking unpleasant feelings and experiences from one's awareness

What is Undoing defense mechanism?

Performing an act to make up for the prior behavior

What is Dissociation defense mechanisms

A disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment that results in compartmentalization of uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects of oneself

What is Conversion defense mechanism?

Responding to stress through the unconscious development of physical manifestations not caused by a physical illness (never healthy)

What is Splitting defense mechanism?

Demonstrating an inability to reconcile negative and positive attributes of self or others (never healthy)

While communicating with a client, the nurse finds that the client is unable to remember anything about her sexual assault when she was 15 years old. Which ego defense mechanism does the nurse suspect in this client?

Repression

A client who is depressed about a pending divorce proceeding tells the nurse, "I just don't want to talk about the divorce. There's nothing I can do about it anyway." Which ego defense mechanism does the nurse suspect in this client?

Suppression

A client is retreating to an earlier level of development in response to stress. Which ego defense mechanism does the nurse suspect in this client?

Regression

An 8-year-old girl plays soccer and receives an award for "Most Improved Player." According to Erikson, which describes this client's developmental task?

Industry

Which of the following are examples of the therapeutic communication technique of "clarification"?

"I'm not sure what you mean when you use the word "fragile."

Which of the following are examples of the therapeutic communication technique of "clarification"?

"Can you help me understand what you mean by a "difficult childhood?"

A client admitted for alcohol detoxification states, "I don't think my drinking has anything to do with why I am here at the hospital. I think I have problems with depression." Which statement by the nurse is the most therapeutic response?

"I find it hard to believe that alcohol is not a problem because you have recently lost your job and your driver's license."

The nurse is reviewing diet restrictions with the client taking an MAOI. The nurse should inform the client of which symptom that can occur when the client is nonadherent to diet restrictions?

Severe occipital headache

Which neurotransmitter is an example of a monoamine?

Dopamine

Which ethical principle indicates that a nurse should always be truthful in his or her profession?

Veracity

The nurse tells a client who is psychotic, "If you don't keep quiet, I am going to give you your medication with a needle." The nurse can be charged with which legal action?

Assault

Which actions in nursing practice can result in the nurse being accused of false imprisonment?

Locking the client in a room for the nurse's convenience.

Which actions in nursing practice can result in the nurse being accused of false imprisonment?

Taking the clothes of a depressed client against their will.

Which actions in nursing practice can result in the nurse being accused of false imprisonment?

Restraining the extremities of a competent voluntary client who wishes to leave against medical advice.

A client with a psychotic disorder shows symptoms of agitation and psychotic behavior. What is the priority nursing intervention to reduce agitation in the client?

Speak to the client in a calm manner.

A client with low self-esteem tells the nurse, "I am of no value to anybody." Which statement by the nurse in response to the client indicates a better example of therapeutic communication?

"You are feeling like nobody cares about you right now."

The nurse is assessing a client who is receiving haloperidol for symptoms of schizophrenia. Which effects would be of most concern to the nurse?

Tremor

The nurse is assessing a client who is receiving haloperidol for symptoms of schizophrenia. Which effects would be of most concern to the nurse?

Dystonia

The nurse is assessing a client who is receiving haloperidol for symptoms of schizophrenia. Which effects would be of most concern to the nurse?

Lip smacking

For which client would the nurse question an order for haloperidol?

A client with congestive heart failure.

Which medication is prescribed as the first line of treatment for depression?

sertraline

The nurse is taking a health history of a client taking benzodiazepines. Which would be of most concern to the nurse?

The client is taking cough syrup for a cold.

Cholinergics refers to the brain neurotransmitter that's uses what?

Acetylcholine

If a patients has decreased amounts of Cholinergics/Acetylcholine what diseases will they NOT have?

Bipolar Disorder

What is Monoamines?

A group of neurotransmitters including:

Norepinephrine

What is Monoamines?

A group of neurotransmitters including:

Dopamine

What is Monoamines?

A group of neurotransmitters including:

Serotonin

What is Monoamines?

A group of neurotransmitters including:

Histamine

If a patient has increased levels of Norepinephrine what will it cause?

Mania

If a patient has decreased amounts of Dopamine what could they have?

Parkinson's

If a patient has increased amounts of dopamine what could they have?

Schizophrenia

If a patient has a decreased amount of serotonin what could they have?

Depression

If a patient has increased levels of Serotonin what could they have?

Mania

What does the Hypothalamus regulate?

Appetite and temperature

A NURSING STUDENT IS LEARNING ABOUT THE HUMAN LIMBIC SYSTEM. WHICH STUDENT STATEMENT DEMONSTRATES THAT TEACHING ABOUT THE FUNCTION OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE?

A nursing student is learning about the human limbic system. Which of the studen statements demonstrates that teaching about the function of the limbic system has been effective?

"The limbic system helps stabilize emotional behavior”

What are neurotransmitters?

A chemical stored in the axon terminal of neurons

Dominant in stressful situations

Prepares the body for fight or flight

Results in an increase in heart rate and respirations. Blood is shunted to vital organs and to muscles.

describes the ___ division

Sympathetic

Dominant in relaxed situations

Results in a normal heart rate and promotes elimination functions.

decribes the __ divison

Parasympathetic

A client is brought to the ED and dx with a panic level of anxiety. What biological system domination would be responsible for this dx

Sympathetic system

Which types of neurotransmitters are classified as amino acid neurotransmitters?

Inhibitory amino acids

Which types of neurotransmitters are classified as amino acid neurotransmitters?

Excitatory amino acids

What are the neurotransmitters associated with Neuropeptides?

Somatostatin

What are the neurotransmitters associated with Neuropeptides?

Opioid Peptides

What are the neurotransmitters associated with Neuropeptides?

Substance P

Is the study of the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system, and effects of various hormones on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning.

Describes ___

Neuroendocrinology

What does the Posterior Pituitary Gland produce?

Oxytocin

What does the Posterior Pituitary Gland produce?

Antidiuretic hormone

What does the Anterior Pituitary Gland Produce?

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

What does the Anterior Pituitary Gland Produce?

Growth hormone

What does the Anterior Pituitary Gland Produce?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

What does the Anterior Pituitary Gland Produce?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

What does the Anterior Pituitary Gland Produce?

Prolactin

What does the Anterior Pituitary Gland Produce?

Gonadotropic hormones

What controls the Circadian Rhythm?

Pituitary gland

does the circadian rhythm play a role in psychopathology?

True

The study of the biological transmission of certain characteristics (physical and/or behavioral) from parent to offspring.

describes __

Genetics

What is a Genotype?

The total set of genes present in an individual

What is a Phenotype?

The physical manifestations of a particular genotype

What are Monozygotic Twins?

Genetically Identical Twins

What are Fraternal Twins?

Non-genetically Identical Twins

The Study of the relationship between the immune system, the nervous system, and psychological processes

Studies have been conducted to determine the implications of the immune system in psychiatric illnesses

describes __

Psychoneuroimmunology

What is a Normal Immune Response with Psychoneuroimmunology?

Cytokines

What is a Normal Immune Response with Psychoneuroimmunology?

Nonspecific immune reactions

What is a Normal Immune Response with Psychoneuroimmunology?

Specific immune mechanisms

What are implications of the immune system in Psychiatric Illness?

Increases susceptibility to a stressful stimulus

What are implications of the immune system in Psychiatric Illness?

Effects of hormones and neurotransmitters

What is the Primary Treatment for mental disorders?

Psychopharmacology

What are genetic influences?

The hereditary factors that predispose individuals to certain psychiatric disorders.

What is Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)?

The influence of stress on the immune system and its role in the susceptibility to illness

What is Psychopharmacology?

The increasing use of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of mental illness

What is Diagnostic technology?

The importance of keeping informed about the latest in technological procedures for diagnosing alterations in brain structure and function

What is Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology?

The structure and functioning of the various parts of the brain and their correlation to human behavior

What is the Neuronal processes?

The various functions of the nerve cells, including the role of neurotransmitters, receptors, synaptic activity, and informational pathways

What is Neuroendocrinology?

The interaction of the endocrine and nervous systems, and the role that the endocrine glands and their respective hormones play in behavior

What is the Circadian Rhythm?

The regulation of biochemical functioning over periods of rhythmic cycles and its influence in predicting certain behaviors

Horowitz described 2 cultural influences that affect how individuals view mental illness what are they?

Incomprehensibility

Horowitz described 2 cultural influences that affect how individuals view mental illness what are they?

Cultural relativity

What is Incomprehensibility described by Horwitz?

The inability of the general population to understand the motivation behind the behavior

What does Cultural Relativity mean related to Horwitz?

The normality of behavior is determined by the culture

Mental health or mental illness is an individual fluctuates along a continuum throughout life and is influenced by their coping mechanisms to loss and stress.

True

What is Stress?

The state manifested by a specific syndrome which consists of all the non specifically induced changes within a biological system

What are the 3 stages of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?

Stage of Exhaustion