The Rise of Slavery and Tensions Leading to Civil War

ty alan (again)

Slavery

Legal in all 13 colonies by 1776.

Cotton Gin

Invention in 1793 boosted cotton profits.

Enslavers

~350,000 owned 4 million enslaved people by 1850.

Northern Economy

Shifted to industry and immigrant labor.

Southern Economy

Relied on agriculture and enslaved labor.

Missouri Compromise

1820 law limited slavery north of 36°30' latitude.

Wilmot Proviso

1846 proposal to ban slavery in new territories.

Compromise of 1850

Admitted California as free; enacted Fugitive Slave Act.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 law allowed slavery decision by popular sovereignty.

Bleeding Kansas

Violence erupted over slavery in Kansas territory.

Abolitionist Movement

Efforts to end slavery, varied approaches and figures.

Immediate Emancipation

Abolitionists like Garrison and Douglass advocated for it.

Gradual Emancipation

Abolitionists like Weld and Tappan favored gradual change.

Dred Scott Case

Supreme Court decision that intensified slavery debates.

John Brown's Raids

Violent abolitionist actions against slavery in the South.

Election of 1860

Lincoln's victory heightened Southern fears of anti-slavery.

Southern Secession

Started with South Carolina on Dec 24, 1860.

Secession Winter

Period when Southern states seized federal forts.

States' Rights

Debate over state vs. federal power, linked to slavery.

Nullification

Idea that states could reject federal laws.