1. Platyhelminths, Monogeneans, Aspidogastreans

Phyla of Helminths

Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Acanthocephala

What is not regarded as helmniths?

Phylum Annelida

Platyhelminthes

Class Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda

Nemathelminthes

Order Ascaridida, Rhabditida, Enoplida, Spirudida, Strongylida

Acanthocephala

Class Archiacanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala, Eoacantocephala

Has direct life cycle

Annelida

Has both direct and indirect life cycle

Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes

has indirect life cycle

Acanthocephala

Monoecious

Platyhelminthes and Annelida

Dioecious

Nemathelminthes, Acanthocephala

Anterior and Posterior ends of Acanthocephala

Praesoma and Metastome

Outer body layer of Platyhelminthes

Tegument

These parasites have a tegument with spines

Trematoda

These parasites have mictroriches on their tegument

Cestode

Body wall consists of the cuticle, hypodermis/epidermis and muscle layer

Nemathelminthes

Body wall consists of a thick cuticle often folded

Acanthocephala

Body wall consists of a cuticle with annulations

Annelida

These parasites do not have digestive tracts

Acanthocephala and Cestodes (in Platyhelminthes

Organs are embedded in a specialized CT known as the parenchyma

Platyhelminthes and Annelida

Excretory organs of flat worms

Flame Cells or solenocytes

The only family of Class Trematoda that are not hermaphrodites

Family Schistosomatidae

generally small ectoparasites of cold-blooded aquatic or amphibious vertebrates and occassionally aquatic invertebrates

Subclass Monogenea

Parasites of fishes, turtles, mollusks or crustaceans

Subclass Asphidogastrea

Class Trematoda subclass that affect terrestrial vertebrates

Subclass Digenea

Adhesive organ

haptor or opisthaptor

Monogenea larva

oncomiridium/onchomiracidium

Well developed haptor with a pair of anchors and 16 hooklets

Gyrodactylus

One pair of anchors and 14 marginal hooklets with 4 eyespots. Manily seen in gills of freshwater fishes

Dactylogyrus

Adults that are permanently fused in pairs

Diplozoon

short protrusions in tegument

microtubercles

Transverse grooves in Rugogaster hydrolagi

Rugae

Suckers located at the anterior-end of the flatworm

Distome

Suckers located at the posterior-end of the flatworm

Amphistome

Only oral suckers of flatworms (Notocotylus notocotylus) ventrally located

Monostome

Papillae found on the adult tegument that serve a tactile function

Eye spots

Reproduction of flatworms

Cross-fertilization more frequently than self-fertilization

Male copulatory organ

Cirrus

Receives the cirrus of other worms. Female reproductive organ

Laurer's canal

IH of flatworms

Snail

1st larva

Miracidium

2nd larva

Sporocyst

3rd larva

Redia

4th larva

Cercaria

5th larva

Metacercaria

Infective stage

Cercaria

Mode of infection of cercaria

Digestion or Skin penetration