Exam 1

The two upper nasal conchae are processes of this bone

Ethmoid

What is the angle that the petrous pyramids form with the MSP of an average skull

47

What sinus is projected through the mouth on the open mouth modification of the waters method

Sphenoid

What facial bones form the roof of the mouth

Palatine and maxillae

Several methods are available to perform the axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible to demonstrate the symphysis, body, or ramus. What is the CR for all of these.

25 degrees cephalad

In the modified waters (shallow waters) the OML will form this angle to the IR placing the petrous ridges just below the inferior boarder of the orbits

55 degrees

What view should be performed on a patient who cannot be correctly positioned for an AP axial towne

PA axial Haas

What projection best demonstrates the maxillary sinus

Parietoacanthial waters

Central ray location and collimating size for the nasal bones

1/2 inch distal to nasion and 3x3 in

Articulation that rigidly joins the cranial bones

Sutures

When a pt cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwell), what central ray position would be used for an AP axial projection to achieve a similar image

15 degrees cephalad

The term used to describe the angle of the mandible

Gonion

What projection of the skull requires the MSP to be positioned parallel and the interpupillary line to be perpendicular to the IR

Lateral

The only bone in the body that doesn't articulate with another bone

Hyoid

What type of skull is more narrow from side to side

Dolichocephalic

Where should the petrous ridges be on an image of a parietoacanthial (waters) projection of the paranasal sinuses

Inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses

What is the largest sinus

Maxillary

How many facial bones are there

14

What line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranial base

IOML

CR for lateral facial bones

half way between outer canthus and EAM

CR for lateral skull

2in above EAM

What line is parallel to the IR for a lateral skull

IOML

What is against the IR for a PA axial Caldwell skull

Nose and forehead

CR for PA axial Caldwell skull

15 degrees caudad to exit nasion

CR for AP axial skull (towne) if OML is perpendicular to the IR

30 degrees caudad

CR for AP axial skull (towne) if IOML is perpendicular to the IR

37 degrees caudad

What is against the board for a PA axial skull (Haas)

Nose and forehead

CR for PA axial skull (Haas)

25 degrees cephalad exiting 1.5in above nasion

SMV CR

3/4in above EAM

What line is parallel to the IR for SMV

IOML

How many bones make up the skull

22

How many cranial bones

8

How many facial bones

14

What are the two sections of cranial bones

Calvaria and floor

Inner layer of spongy bone separating two outer plates of compact tissue

Diploe

What bones are part of the calvaria

Frontal, occipital, L and R parietal

What bones are part of the floor

Ethmoid, sphenoid, R and L temporal

Suture between frontal and parietal bones

Coronal

Suture on top of head between two parietal bones

Sagittal

Suture between temporal and parietal bones

Squamosal

Suture between occipital and parietal bones

Lambdoidal

Junction of coronal and sagittal sutures

Bregma

Junction of sagittal and labdoidal sutures

Lambda

Areas of incomplete ossification in infant skulls (Soft spots)

Fontanels

What age is adult cranial size achieved by

12

Houses frontal lobes of cerebrum; extends from anterior frontal bone to lesser wings of sphenoid

Anterior cranial fossa

Houses temporal lobes; extends from lesser wings of sphenoid to apices of petrous ridges

Middle cranial fossa

Deep depression posterior to petrous ridges; protects cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

Posterior cranial fossa

What does the frontal bone articulate with

L and R parietals, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal bones, and zygoma

What nerves run through the cribriform plate

Olfactory nerves

What does the ethmoid bone articulate with

Frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, maxilla, vomer

Is the external surface of the parietal bones convex or concave

Convex

Is the internal surface of the parietal bones convex or concave

Concave

Point where the width of the skull should be measured to set technique

Parietal eminences

What do the parietal bones articulate with

Frontal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and other parietal bone

What bone houses the pterygoid processes

Sphenoid

What bone houses the sella turcica

Sphenoid

Where is the pituitary gland housed

Sella turcica

Slanted area of bone posterior and inferior to dorsum

Clivus

What supports the pons of the brain

Clivus

Pterygoids articulate with

Palatine anteriorly; vomer as part of nasal cavity

What does the sphenoid articulate with

Other 7 cranial bones and zygoma

What is another name for the external occipital protuberance

Inion

What does the occipital bone articulate with

Parietals, temporal, sphenoid, and atlas

Thickest and densest portion of the cranium

Petrous portion

Contains the organs of hearing and balance

Petrous portion

What does the temporal bone articulate with

Parietals, occipital, zygoma, and mandible

Typical skull

Mesocephalic

Degree for mesocephalic skull

47

Degree for brachycephalic skull

54

Degree for dolichocephalic skull

40

What size focal spot for skull images

Small

What type of patients may need support at chest to elevate C spine for skull imaging

Hyposthenic/ asthenic

What type of patients may need a radiolucent support at head for skull imaging

Hypersthenic

What are the two smallest bones in the skull

Lacrimal

What bone does the tear duct pass through

Lacrimal

What does the lacrimal articulate with

Frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, inferior nasal concha

What is the largest immovable bone in the face

Maxilla

What does the maxilla articulate with

All facial bones except mandible, frontal and ethmoid

What forms 3/4 of the roof of mouth

Maxilla

What bone is the zygomatic process on

Maxilla

What supports the roots of teeth

Alveolar process

What bone is the temporal process on

Zygoma

What does the zygomatic bone articulate with

Frontal, temporal, maxilla, sphenoid

What makes up 1/4 of the roof of the mouth

Palatine

The upper two nasal conchae are processes of what bone

Ethmoid

What does the vomer articulate with

Sphenoid and ethmoid

What is the largest and densest bone in the face

Mandible

What is the junction of the body and ramus of the mandible called

Gonion

The hyoid is an accessory bone of the _____________ skeleton

Axial

What bones make up the orbits

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, zygoma, lacrimal, palatine

How many bones make up the orbits

7

What sinuses are developed enough to be demonstrated radiographically at birth

Maxillary

At what age are the frontal and sphenoid sinuses distinguishable from the ethmoid sinuses

6-7

What age to ethmoid sinuses fully develop

17-18

What is on the IR for parietoacanthial (waters) of facial bones

Chin

Where should the IR be centered for the waters method of facial bones

Acanthion

What method will give you the best image of the frontal sinuses

Caldwell

What sinuses are projected through the open mouth on the open mouth waters method

Sphenoid

What should the central ray angle for the PA Caldwell facial bones be if you want to show the entire orbital rims

30 degrees caudad