Key Events in 20th Century Global Conflicts and Independence Movements

This set of flashcards covers key events related to conflicts and independence movements in the 20th century, focusing on the Cambodian Genocide, apartheid in South Africa, the Rwandan Genocide, and the decolonization of India.

What was the Cambodian Genocide and who was its leader?

The Cambodian Genocide was the mass killing of nearly 2 million Cambodians by the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, from 1975 to 1979.

What percentage of the Cambodian population was killed during the Khmer Rouge regime?

Over 20% of the population was killed, amounting to almost 2 million people.

What was the policy of Apartheid in South Africa?

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation established in 1948 that separated people into racial groups and enforced minority white rule.

What organization did Black South Africans form to protest against apartheid?

The African National Congress (ANC) was formed to protest racial oppression in South Africa.

Who was Nelson Mandela and what was his role in the ANC?

Nelson Mandela was a leader of the ANC who formed a violent wing of the organization and was imprisoned for 27 years for his actions against apartheid.

What significant event took place in South Africa in 1994?

In 1994, South Africa held its first election allowing all citizens to vote, leading to Nelson Mandela becoming the president.

What were the two main ethnic groups involved in the Rwandan Genocide?

The two main ethnic groups were the Hutus and the Tutsis.

What was the 'Scramble for Africa'?

The 'Scramble for Africa' was a late 19th-century invasion, occupation, and annexation of African territory by European powers.

What was the significance of Mohandas Gandhi's approach to Indian independence?

Mohandas Gandhi employed nonviolent resistance methods, including civil disobedience to protest British colonial rule.

What was the result of India's partition in 1947?

The partition led to the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim-majority nation and resulted in widespread hardship, refugees, and violence.