medical terminology frucht chapter 11 - Gastroenterology

an/o

anus

append/o

appendix

appendic/o

appendix

chol/e

bile

cholangi/o

bile duct

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

choledoch/o

common bile duct

col/o

colon

colon/o

colon

diverticul/o

diverticulum

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

lapar/o

abdomen

pancreat/o

pancreas

polyp/o

polyp

proct/o

rectum and anus

rect/o

rectum

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

hemat/o

blood

lith/o

stone

-al, -eal, -ic

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cele

protrusion

-dynia

pain

-ectomy

surgical removal

-emesis

vomiting

-gram

record

-graphy

process of recording

-iasis

abnormal condition

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies

-logy

study of

-oma

tumor, mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-ostomy

surgically create an opening

-otomy

cutting into

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eating, swallowing

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptosis

drooping

-scope

instrument for viewing

-scopy

process of visually examining

-tripsy

surgical crushing

a-

without

brady-

slow

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal

hyper-

excessive

poly-

many

ascites

accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity

barium enema (BE)

X-ray examination of large intestine using barium as contrast medium; also known as lower GI series.

cirrhosis

chronic liver disease

Crohn disease

chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with mucus membrane ulcers; most often found in ileum.

dysentery

acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stool; usually caused by bacterial or parasitic infection. 

esophageal atresia

congenital lack of the connection between esophagus and stomach; food cannot enter stomach.

esophageal varices

varicose veins in the esophagus; result in massive bleeding if there is a rupture. 

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces; also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test.

gastric bypass

surgical treatment for obesity; portion of stomach is stapled off and bypassed so that it holds less food; also called stomach stapling.

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus

Helicobacter pylori antibody test

clinical lab test for presence of bacteria known to cause gastric ulcers.

hemorrhoids

varicose veins in rectum

ileus

obstruction of intestine that occurs when muscular movements stop moving food or blockage prevents food from moving through digestive tract.

intussusception

occurs when one section of intestine slips or telescopes into another section of intestine.

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

disturbance in normal functioning of bowel characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea; often associated with stress; also called spastic colon

jaundice

yellow-colored skin and whites of eyes associated with liver disease

melena

very dark, tarry stool due to presence of blood

nausea

feeling the urge to vomit

ova and parasites (O&P)

clinical lab test for presence of parasites or their eggs in feces

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

crater-like erosion occurring on mucus membrane on lower esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; more dangerous if ulcer eats into blood vessel and becomes a bleeding ulcer or if ulcer eats through wall of stomach and becomes a perforated ulcer allowing stomach acids to escape into abdominal cavity

total parenteral nutrition ( TPN)

nutrient complete solution given directly into bloodstream when person cannot eat by mouth.

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by formation of ulcers on mucus membrane of colon

upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)

X-ray examination of esophagus and stomach using barium as contrast medium; also known as barium swallow

volvulus

length of bowel that becomes twisted around itself

vomit

forceful return of stomach contents out of mouth