E

LIGHT: Geometric Optics

WHAT IS REFLECTION?

it is bouncing of light rays when it hits a surface.

Regular/Specular: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. It is a smooth surface.

Irregular/Diffuse: A reflection of rough surfaces.

Definition of Terms:

  1. Magnification

    The ratio of the image dimensions to the object dimension.

  2. Image

    %%Real:%% formed when rays converge

    ^^Virtual: ^^formed when rays diverge

  3. Orientation

    Upright: right side up

    %%Inverted:%% Upside down

  4. Location

    Depends on the object’s location.

  5. Size

    Larger (greater than 1), smaller (less than 1), same (equal).

LATERAL INVERSION OF IMAGES

  • A phenomenon wherein the left side of the object appears on the right side of the reflected image.

CURVED MIRROR

  • A reflecting surface is a section of a sphere.

%%Concave:%% Can be seen on the inside of the sphere.

==Convex:== Can be seen on the outside of the sphere.

Mirror Equation:

1/F = 1/P + 1/Q

where;

F: Focal length or the distance between the mirror and the focal point.

P: Distance of the object from the mirror.

Q: Distance of the image from the mirror.

LENSES

  1. Concave

    Diverge rays of the light that are traveling. It always ==produces smaller images.==

  2. Convex

    Converges rays of light that are traveling.

PLANE MIRRORS

Plane mirrors have a flat surface and are ==known as “virtual” images==. The reflection on plane mirrors creates upright virtual images with the same magnification or size and distance as the object.

  • PERISCOPE: An instrument for observations around or through object obstacle or condition that prevents direct line of sight.
  • KALEIDOSCOPE: It manipulates and reflects when looking through the hole light filters to the glass.
  • LENS: a piece of transparent material that is shaped to cause light rays to bend in a specific way as they pass through it.

TERMS IN OPTICS:

  • [ ] The focal Point is the point where parallel rays converge when after passing through a lens.
  • [ ] The focal length of a lens is the distance from its center to the focal point.
  • [ ] The optical axis is the line of symmetry for the lens.
  • [ ] The light rays are an approximation of the path of light where the straight lens is used to represent the motion of light waves.
  • [ ] The biconvex lens is a simple optical lens with two convex.