LIGHT: Geometric Optics

WHAT IS REFLECTION?

it is bouncing of light rays when it hits a surface.

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Regular/Specular: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. It is a smooth surface.

Irregular/Diffuse: A reflection of rough surfaces.

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Definition of Terms:

1. Magnification

   The ratio of the image dimensions to the object dimension.

2. Image

   %%Real:%% formed when rays converge

   ^^Virtual: ^^formed when rays diverge

3. Orientation

   Upright: right side up

   %%Inverted:%% Upside down

4. Location

   Depends on the object’s location.

5. Size

   Larger (greater than 1), smaller (less than 1), same (equal).

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LATERAL INVERSION OF IMAGES

• A phenomenon wherein the left side of the object appears on the right side of the reflected image.

CURVED MIRROR

• A reflecting surface is a section of a sphere.

%%Concave:%% Can be seen on the inside of the sphere.

==Convex:== Can be seen on the outside of the sphere.

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Mirror Equation:

1/F = 1/P + 1/Q

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where;

F: Focal length or the distance between the mirror and the focal point.

P: Distance of the object from the mirror.

Q: Distance of the image from the mirror.

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LENSES

1. Concave

   Diverge rays of the light that are traveling. It always ==produces smaller images.==

2. Convex

   Converges rays of light that are traveling.

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PLANE MIRRORS

Plane mirrors have a flat surface and are ==known as “virtual” images==. The reflection on plane mirrors creates upright virtual images with the same magnification or size and distance as the object.

• PERISCOPE: An instrument for observations around or through object obstacle or condition that prevents direct line of sight.
• KALEIDOSCOPE: It manipulates and reflects when looking through the hole light filters to the glass.
• LENS: a piece of transparent material that is shaped to cause light rays to bend in a specific way as they pass through it.

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TERMS IN OPTICS:

• [ ] The focal Point is the point where parallel rays converge when after passing through a lens.
• [ ] The focal length of a lens is the distance from its center to the focal point.
• [ ] The optical axis is the line of symmetry for the lens.
• [ ] The light rays are an approximation of the path of light where the straight lens is used to represent the motion of light waves.
• [ ] The biconvex lens is a simple optical lens with two convex.

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