Essay Structure and Topic Sentences

Flashcards covering essay structure, topic sentences, transitions, and related concepts from the lecture.

What are the main sections of the essay structure described in the lecture?

Introduction, body paragraphs, optional counterarguments, and conclusion.

What are the key components of the introduction?

A hook; the statement of the problem (significance); and an arguable thesis statement (last sentence).

What is a thesis statement?

A one-sentence claim that states your position on the topic and is the last sentence in the introduction.

What should each body paragraph contain?

One main point, scholarly evidence from current peer-reviewed sources, and a topic sentence at the start.

What is a topic sentence?

A sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph and shows how it relates to the thesis; usually the first sentence.

Where do topic sentences typically appear?

At the beginning of a body paragraph (the first sentence).

What is the purpose of a counterargument in an essay?

To present an opposing view and strengthen credibility by addressing it.

How does one handle a counterargument?

Concede the valid point, then refute with scholarly support.

What should the conclusion do?

Reiterate the topic's significance, tie back to the hook, and may end with a call to action.

Why are transitions important for topic sentences?

They signal the type of paragraph and connect ideas; categories include postpone, introduction/definition, expand, review/predict, and compare/contrast.

What is a 'postpone' topic sentence?

A topic sentence that starts with words like 'before' to present background information or definitions before stressing the thesis.

Provide an example of a 'postpone' topic sentence.

Before discussing the concept of artificial intelligence (AI), it is necessary to define the types and parameters of AI.

What is an 'expand' topic sentence?

A sentence that signals expansion of the idea, using words like 'for example', 'furthermore', 'indeed', 'in fact', 'also'.

Provide an example of an 'expand' topic sentence.

AI is not exclusive to automation; for example, AI is also found in computer coding, algorithms, and related areas.

What is a 'review and predict' topic sentence?

A sentence that briefly sums up the previous paragraph and predicts the next; uses words like 'since', 'consequently', 'as a result', 'while', 'now'.

Provide an example of a 'review and predict' topic sentence.

While this has been proven in this area, as was discussed, it can also be seen in another area, which I will discuss in the next paragraph.

What is a 'compare and contrast' topic sentence?

A sentence that introduces a difference or conflict, using words like 'in contrast', 'however', 'yet', 'on the other hand'.

Why should you cite current scholarly sources in body paragraphs?

Because science and technology evolve quickly, and outdated sources undermine credibility.

What is the recommended process for writing topic sentences during the writing process?

Draft the rough draft first, then review and add topic sentences to improve organization.

What did the instructor suggest about finishing the hook in the conclusion?

If you begin with a story hook, consider finishing that same story in the conclusion to tie the essay together.