Classification of Matter

Particle

Any piece of matter

Atom

a sphere; basic unit of matter

Bond

sticks of spheres

molecules

neutral groups of atoms connected by chemical bonds

physical change

change of physical properties (intermolecular attractions are broken; no composition change; usually reversible)

chemical change

change of chemical composition (intramolecular attractions are broken; new substances are formed)

intramolecular

attractions within a molecules

intermolecular

attractions between molecules

Matter

anything with a defined mass and volume (makes up everything)

physical properties

properties intrinsic to the substance; generally describe something about the matter

chemical properties

properties evident when chem reactions take place

signs of chemical change (5)

color change, solid (precipitate) formed, formation of gas (bubbles), odor change, temperature change

elements

on periodic table; contain one type of atom

compounds

2 or more elements combined by chemical bonds; can be split into smaller particles through chem reactions

homogenous (contain more than one element/compound)

uniform composition; solutions

heterogenous (contain more than one element/compound)

composition not uniform

pure substances (4 examples)

1 kind of particle (atoms, elements, covalent molecules, compounds)

mixtures (3 examples)

2+ particles (heterogenous, homogenous, alloys)

filtration

used on heterogenous mixtures, uses difference in particle size

evaporation and distillation

use on heterogeneous or homogeneous mixtures; uses differences in boiling point

Chromatography

used on homogenous mixtures; uses differences in intermolecular forces (stickiness)