Chapter 8 - Europe Colonizes the Americas
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68 Terms
indigo
a plant that is cultivated to make blue dye
What colony did the Pilgrims found?
Plymouth
Who colonized Brazil?
the Portuguese
What was an important export of colonial South America?
sugar
Who ruled a colony in South America that was eighty times its size?
Portugal
How many Africans were enslaved and taken to South America?
millions!
Who was the first European country to colonize modern Canada?
France
Who colonized the western regions of South America?
Spain
Who discovered the St. Lawrence River?
Jacques Cartier
Who liberated Ecuador?
Antonio Jose de Sucre
Whas Ecuador part of the Old World or New World?
New
Who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Puritians
viceroy
a colonial ruler who represented the king of Spain
Mestizos
were children of Indian and Spanish parents
Gauchoes
Argentinean cowboys
What became rich and established monopolies in South America?
The Jesuit Catholic order
What did Portugal buy in Africa and take to Europe and the New World?
slaves
Who valued education?
English colonies and wealthy French Canadians
Who didn’t value education as much?
Colonies where the Roman Church was strong
creoles
people or pure Spanish or Portuguese descent born in the AMERICAS.
Who had colonies in South America?
Netherlands and England
The Treaty of Tordesillas
determined where Spain and Portugal could explore and colonize
Important imports of colonial Latin America
silver and sugar
Mother country of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
England
Who separated from the Church of England?
Pilgrims
What part of South America did the Spanish colonize?
the western portion
Samuel de Champlain
French explorer discovered 3 large lakes (one was named for him evenetually) and became the Father of New France
Simon Bolivar
Venezuelan knew many languages and liberated both Venezuela and Colombia.
Pedro I
member of Portuguese nobility who gave the famous revolutionary challenge “Independence or death!”
Thomas Dale
Englishman brought discipline to Jamestown and helped to make it a thriving colony.
Jose de San Martin
Argentine leader from a prominent family liberated both Chile and Peru.
Which countries were part of the Old World?
England, Portugal and Spain
Where was Montreal founded?
New France
John Smith
helped start the Jamestown colony
Mestizos
children of Indian and Spanish parents
Caudillos
replaced weak governments with their own dictatorships
haciendas
large country estates
Peninsulares
Spainards born in Spain and living in colonies
Barrios
poor neighborhoods in colonial cities
Donatarios
12 nobles of Brazil
What pland originated in Arabia and was later introduced to Brazil and Colombia?
coffee
What language is spoken in Brazil?
Portuguese
The New Laws of 1542
A government reform that promised protection for Indians as a result of Las Casas’s efforts to promote Indian rights
Portugal began buying slaves as early as what year?
1441
England colonies offered what type of freedom more than the other colonies?
religious
Guiana
popular name for South American settlements
What major body of water lies between European nations and their colonies?
The Atlantic Ocean
How did the United States gain it’s independence from England?
winning the Revolutionary War
How come South America didn’t gain it’s independence from Spain?
It had unrest and more revolutions
Line of Demarcation
a line decided on by the pope to decide which country (Spain or Portugal) could explore and law claim to certain areas
mother country
European country
exported
taken out of the colonies
imported
brought into the colonies
peninsulares
Spanish born in Spain
What role did donatarios play in Brazilian society?
These were Portugal nobles who were given total control of the land and its distribution. They also defended and taxed their territories.
What institution first spoke out against the unjust treatment of the native population but later participated in opressive practices?
The Roman Church
Old World
Europe
cash crops
crops that could be sold for cash or supplies
Puritans
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant.
established church
a church recognized and supported by the colony’s government
What religious reasons motivated the English to colonize North America?
to escape persecution and to establish a godly society
Why did Spain and Portugal ask the pope to decide where they could explore?
They were Roman Catholic nations and viewed the pope as the vicar or representative of Christ
When did the Spanish and Portuguese argue over settlements?
great distance and dangerous seas
How did the Roman Church limit the power of the donatarios?
The Church brought complaints of the people to the donatarios and then on the officials in Portugal if the complaints were not resolved.
How did land owners respond to reforms that were designed to protect the Indians and mestizos?
They often used their influence to overturn these reforms.
Why was Samuel de Champlain given the title of Father of New France?
his discovery of several important lakes and his lovefor the French frontier
What did John Smith and Sir Thomas Dale provide to turn Jamestown into a thriving colony?
strong leadership
Why did the Puritans establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
to setup a community based on scriptural principles