Microbiology

The study of microorganisms that are too small to be seen without magnification

Microbiology

list the 6 major groups of microorganisms

1. Bacteria

2. viruses

3. Fungi

4. protozoa

5. Algae

6. Helminths (parasitic worms)

What is a prokaryote?

1. Has a cell membrane

2. Lacks nucleus and has no specialized organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts)

3. Has a single chromosome of circular DNA

What is a eukaryote?

1. Have a true nucleus with a membrane

2. Contain organelles

3. Have more than 1 chromosome of double stranded DNA

List 3 general microbial activities.

1. Nutrient production and energy flow

2. biotechnology and bioremediation

3. Infectious and noninfectious diseases

True or False: Viruses are non cellular.

True

Dutch linen merchant and the first to observe living microbes

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

Used meat and maggots to support the idea of biogenesis

Francesco Red

Father of microbiology that disproved spontaneous generation of microbes using swan-necked flasks

Louis Panteur

Milkmaids; small pox vaccine

Edward Jenner

What is the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships called?

Classification

Write STAPHOCOCCUS AUREUS in correct scientific notation:

S. Aureus

List the taxonomic hierarchy of living things.

1. Kingdom

2. Phylum

3. Class

4. Order

5. Family

6. Genus

7. Species

8. Domain

List the 3 Domains of life.

1. Eubacteria

2. Archaea

3. Eukarya

What two things does an organic molecule contain?

Carbon and hydrogen

What type of molecule doesn’t contain both carbon and hydrogen?

Inorganic

What are 4 big groups of organic molecules (macromolecules)?

1. Carbohydrates

2. Proteins

3. Lipids

4. Nucleic acids

What is the process in which macromolecules are joined together?

Dehydration synthesis

What is the process in which macromolecules are taken apart?

Hydrolysis

What does carbohydrates include?

Simple sugars

Carbohydrates include simple sugars that function to provide what?

Energy

What are the smallest carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

What is chemical formula for glucose?

C6H1202

What are macromolecules that carry out the work of the cell?

Proteins

What is protein made of?

Monomers of amino acids

DNA and RNA are what type of acids and these function in the storage and use of genetic information?

nucleic

What is the collection of macromolecules that tend to be insoluble in water?

Lipids

Fats are used to store what?

Energy

Where is the potential energy that cells rely upon to power chemical reactions stored?

ATP

List and define the 6 l's of microbiology

1. Inoculation

2. Isolation

3. Incubation

4. Inspection

5. Information

6. Identification

In what type of stains is one dye used and reveals shape size and arrangement?

Simple stain

What stain uses a primary stain and a counterstain to distinguish cell types or parts?

Differential

What is an example of a differential stain that will be used in the lab?

Gram

What stain reveals certain cell parts not revealed by conventional methods: capsule and flagellar stains?

Structural

How many species does a colony consist of?

1

What type of media contains pure organic and inorganic compounds in an exact chemical formula?

Synthetic

What type of media contains complex organic substances such as blood, serum, hemoglobin, or special growth factors required by fastidious microbes?

Enriched

What type of media contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes?

Selective

What type of media allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible differences among the microbes?

Differential

Where to wash your face for several minutes if a reagent splashes into your face or eyes?

Eyewash station

You should

1. not bring food, beverages, or tobacco products into the laboratory

2. not apply cosmetics in the laboratory

3. not eat or drink in the laboratory

4. restrain loose clothing and jewelry

5. All of the above

5. All of the above

List 3 basic bacterial shapes (morphology)

1. Spiral

2. Bacill (rod)

3. Coccus (sphere)

What is one of the isolation techniques used in lab to isolate bacterial colonies?

Streak plate method