teams

team

a particular type of group—one whose members are working together in the pursuit of a shared goal.

groups

two or more individuals who are connected by and within social relationships

task-oriented interdependence, teamwork

the sine qua non of a team is ___________. This specialized form of interdependence even has a name which is _____

teamwork

The process by which members of the team combine their knowledge, skills, abilities, and other resources, through a coordinated series of actions, to produce an outcome

When to Work in Teams

1. Level of Difficulty

2. Complexity and Interdependence

3. Importance

4. The Romance of Teams

The Romance of Teams

“faith in the effectiveness of team-based work that is not supported by, or is even inconsistent with, relevant empirical evidence”

The Romance of Teams

tendency to idealize teamwork and believe that teams are always the best solution but is actually not

Varieties of Teams

1. Work Teams

2. Management Teams

3. Project Teams

4. Advisory Teams

5. Self-Managing Teams

6. Cross-Functional Teams

7. multiteam systems (teams of teams)

work teams

Mining crews, workers glazing the windows of a skyscraper, and the rock band at a concert are all work through coordinated actions, create a product

Management Teams

identify and solve problems, make decisions about day-to-day operations and production, and set the goals

Project Teams

These teams, because they are given a specific task to accomplish, are usually time limited; they disband after finishing a task

Advisory Teams

review panels, steering committees, investigatory teams, and some judiciary boards

self-managing teams

Members of ___________ have more autonomy, for they are charged with both executing the task and managing the team’s work.

cross-functional teams

Project groups composed of people with differing types of functional expertise, often drawn from various levels, divisions, or segments of an organization

boundary spanners

A group role that involves establishing relationships with individuals, groups, or organizations beyond one’s group

multiteam systems (MTSs)

cooperate with one another in the pursuit of common goals, then these teams become “teams of teams,” united by common purposes

Inputs

any antecedent factors that may influence, directly or indirectly, the team members and the team itself.

Processes

are operations and activities that mediate the relationship between the input factors and the team’s outcomes.

Outputs

are the consequences of the team’s activities and the tangible results of the team effort draw the most attention

KSAs

Acronym for knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that are needed to complete a job or task successfully

faultlines

Hypothetical divisions that separate the members of a heterogeneous group into smaller, more homogeneous subgroups

crowdsourcing

an online network of distributed production

shared mental model

Knowledge, expectations, conceptualizations, and other cognitive representations that members of a group have in common pertaining to the group and its members, tasks, procedures, and resources.

transactive memory systems

Information to be remembered is distributed to various members of the group who can then be relied upon to provide that information when it is needed

real teams model

embrace shared goals that guide the work of the group and heighten members’ motivation

psychological safety

A shared belief that the group or team will support and affirm members who take risks, make mistakes, express concerns, and raise issues.

interpersonal trust

the mutual assurance that other members of the group will do what they are supposed to do and do so without too much supervision, pestering, or application of pressure (

organizational trust model

—ties trust in others to perceptions of ability, benevolence, and integrity

team training

Empirically supported instructional methods used to teach individuals and teams the cognitive, behavioral, and affective skills required for effective team performance.

team building

Instructional methods used to promote the development of interpersonal and teamwork skills in individuals and teams

quality circles (QCs)

provides a lesson in the importance of providing support for group-level innovations.

quality circles (QCs)

Small self-regulated groups of employees charged with identifying ways to improve product quality.

Crowdsourcing

____________ capitalizes on the creativity of diverse groups.

input–process–output (IPO) systems

The __________________model guides much of the theoretical and empirical study of teams.

Conscientiousness & agreeableness

_________ and ___________ are the two personality traits most closely linked to team effectiveness

quality circles

suggests that fidelity, training, and support are required to maximize effectiveness