muscular system notes

What type of pair allows for full range of motion across a joint

Antagonist

What type of pair allows bending and straightening

Flex ion and extension

What type of pair allows Moving away and towards the body

Abduction and addiction

What type of pair allows turning outwards and inwards

Eversion and inversion

What type of muscle connects to bones

Skeletal

What type of muscle moves the skeleton

Skeletal

What type of muscle is found in the heart

Cardiac

What type of muscle is found in the internal organs and blood vessels

Smooth

What types of muscles are involuntary

Cardiac and smooth

Which muscle types have a striated appearance

Cardiac and skeletal

Type of muscle has spindle shaped cells

Smooth

Type of muscle has long branched cells

Cardiac

What type of muscle has long cylindrical cells

Skeletal

What is fascia, what does it cover

Protective connective tissue, covers skeletal muscle

Fasicles

Fibers grouped into bundles

Skeletal muscle functions

• enables movement

• Muscle tone maintains posture

• Muscle contraction produces heat

• Controls respiration

• Communication

Origin

Side that does not move

Insertion

Side that moves the bone

Myasthenia gravis

Autoimmune disease in which antibodies block neurotransmitters and cause muscle weakness

Muscular dystrophy

Hereditary, progressive disorder that caused weakness and atrophy, no treatment, causes death around age 20

Rhabdomyolysis

Breakdown of muscle fibers which produce toxic substances that cause kidney failure - can be caused by trauma, excessive exercise, or drugs

Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of sheath surrounding tendons at a joint

Rotator cuff tear

Damage to the 1 large tendon in the shoulder that attaches 4 muscles to the bones

Ataxia

In coordination of muscles - brain and spinal cord disease

Bradykinesia

Slow muscle movements due to drugs

Dyskinesia

Abnormal motions such as twitching

Hyperkinesis

Increased muscle movement

Restless leg syndrome (RLS)

Leg muscle twitching

Tremor

Inherited twitching of hands,face, and neck.

What is the quadriceps femora

Group of four muscles on the anterior aspect of the thigh

Name the four muscles on the anterior aspect of the thigh

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus medialis

Vastus intermediaries

Where is the Vastus intermedius

Beneath the Vastus lateralis

what are your hamstrings

A group of three muscles on the posterior aspect of the thigh

name the three muscles on the posterior aspect of the thigh

• biceps femoris

• Semitendinosus

• Semimembranosus

Aponeurosis

Connective tissue that attaches a flat muscle to bone or other deeper muscles

Achilles tendon

Connects gastrocnemius to calcaneus