Landforms
- Langstone Headland - ^^old red sandstone^^ (less resistant rock) is eroded by hydraulic action and abrasion
- ^^Wave cut platform^^ - cliff eroded by the waves
- Beach - deposition of sand during ^^storm-level tide^^ (a lot of sand on this land), sand deposited during low-tide (less sand)
- Spit - longshore drift in in the ^^S and SW direction,^^ deposition of sand. Behind there is a marsh and nature reserve as it is shelters
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Processes
Cliff face
- ^^Biological weathering^^ - roots and animals
- Headland - ^^mass movement^^
Cliff foot
- ^^Abrasion^^
- ^^Hydraulic action^^
- ^^Wave pounding^^
- ^^Attrition^^
- ^^Corrosion^^
- Transport - ^^longshore drift^^
- ^^Deposition^^ - along the beach
Beach
- ^^Abrasion^^
- ^^Hydraulic action^^
- ^^Wave pounding^^
- Transport - ^^longshore drift^^ (west - east)
- ^^Deposition^^ - on beach
Spit
- Transport - ^^longshore drift^^
- ^^Deposition^^ - beach, spit, sand dunes
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Climate influences on geomorphic processes
- ^^Prevailing winds^^ from south west which can bring ^^storms^^, increasing erosion as Langstone Head
- ^^Wet winters^^, which make ^^mass movement^^ on ^^relict cliffs^^ more likely
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Geology influences on geomorphic processes
- The ^^relict cliffs^^ and area around Langstone Head are composed of ^^Old Red Sandstone^^, which is more easily eroded by hydraulic action and abrasion
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Human activity
Langstone Head
Break water - to trap materials moved by longshore drift and build up the beach
Sea wall
Rock armour
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These protect the railway line (links London to Plymouth)
and preserve the headland as a tourist attraction
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These have caused the spit to shrink further down the coastline, due to a lack of transported material, but has preserved the headland
Sea wall prevented cliffs behind the railway being affected
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The Promenade
- Revetment (10 years)
- Gabions (10 years)
- Sea wall (30-50 years)
- Rock armour (10 years)
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- Rely on tourism (500,000 each year)
- 40 local businesses
- 5 holiday parks - 300 caravans
- Car park - revenue
- 20,000 visitors per day in summer
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- Help to absorb energy of the waves and protect the economically valuable land uses behind the promenade
- Visually intrusive - dominate the beach
- The beach is only accessible through steel steps in the rip rap
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The Spit