Unit 1 Topic 4 AP World

Maya City States Periods

Preclassic 2000 BCE - 250 CE

Classic 250 - 950

Postclassic 950 - 1539

Maya City-States

No centralized _____ or _____

Mix of _____ and _____

Preclassic-developed a system of _____ in which the king was connected to _____

Reinforced by _____ and _____

Empire, state, city-states, chiefdoms, divine rule, deities, rituals, public displays

What effect did the lack of pack animals have on trade for the Maya?

Goods were carried by people for overland trade

Goods transported by canoes on waterways

What were some items that were traded in Mesoamerica?

Cotton, salt, vanilla, ceramics, slaves

What types of buildings or structures are found in the Maya’s urban centers?

• Ruins represent central and elite areas

• Commoner’s homes have not survived

• Temples, pyramid structures, ball courts

Mayan Language and Writing (two things that represent what)

Logogram and phonetic - jaguar

Religion and Ritual

• Maya culture has many _____

• Entire supernatural world

• Deceased ancestors offer a connection between the natural and supernatural

• The _____’s feathers are frequently found in later iterations of Mayan _____

• What is the purpose of human sacrifice or bloodletting?

Deities, Quetzal bird, deities

Purpose of human sacrifice or bloodletting is to satisfy deities

Decline of the Maya

What are some possible reasons for the disappearance of the Maya

• Severe drought

• Warfare among city-states

• Logging

• Overpopulation

A Quick Look: The Olmecs

• 1600-400 BCE

• Known for their _____

• Engaged in _____ and _____

• 1st civilization in Western Hemisphere to develop a _____

• Concept of the number _____ and _____

Colossal heads, bloodletting, ballgames, writing system, zero, calendars

Capital city of the Aztec Empire

Tenochtitlan

What are the dates of existence o the Aztec Empire?

1300-1521

Postclassic period

Vision the Mexica had that told of the location for their new home

Vision of an eagle eating a snake on a cactus in 1323

Migrated South

Organization of Society

Divine ruler > Priests, warriors, nobility > Merchants and traders > Artisans and farmers > Peasants > Slaves

Maintaining Power in the Aztec Empire

• Emperor of Tenochtitlan

• Formed the Aztec _____ which was the basis for the empire

• Built _____ and _____, established a strong _____ and _____ structure

• Constantly engaged in conquering nearby _____

• Conquered states had to pay _____ to _____

Triple Alliance, roads, temples, religious, government, city-states, exorbitant tribute, Tenochtitlan

Three cities in triple alliance

Tenochtitlan

Texcoco

Tlacopan

Inca Empire

• Inca empire was founded in _____

• Began as a city-state known as _____

• Began expanding to eventually cover _____, parts of _____ (four)

• Largest empire in _____ America

1438, Kingdom of Cusco, Peru, Bolivia Ecuador Chile and Argentina, Pre-Columbian

What is a Sapa Inca?

The ruler of the Inca

Who is the 9th Sapa Inca that founded the Inca Empire?

Pachacuti

Three characteristics of religion in the Inca Empire

Polytheistic, mummified the dead, sacrifices

Incan Economy

• _____ Economy

• _____ - performing labor obligations as a form of ____

• No currency - barter and _____ system

• Limited _____ with outside states

• _____ and _____ connected the empire

• People traveled on foot while goods were moved by _____ the only domesticated pack animal in the _____

Subsistence, mit’a, tax, mit’a, trade, roads, bridges, llama, Pre-Columbian Americas

Maintaining Control in the Empire

• Communication System of _____

• Bonfires signaled _____

• Four distinct regions unified under _____

• Intentional _____ of new populations

• People were divided into sections of _____

• Hierarchy of officials governed taxpayers

• Inspectors called _____ enforced laws and Incan _____

Chasquis, revolts, Cusco, displacement, taxpayers, tokoyrikoq, moral codes

Mississippian Cultures

• Native American civilizations in present-day _____ (Three)

• Extend along and _____ of the _____ River

• Built large _____

• Extensive trade networks

Midwest, East, Southeast United States

East, Mississippi, earthen mounds

What is notable about Cahokia

One of the largest and most impressive pre-Columbian cities

Mounds are centrally located

How much does the population grow between 1050 and 1100 CE?

About 10,000

When is Cahokia abandoned?

1450

Settlements in the American Southwest

• Chaco and _____

• _____ climate

• _____ buildings and structures

• Developed methods of _____ and _____

• Ancestors to many later groups of Native Americans in the Southwest

Masa Verde, dry, stone, water collection, storage

What does Mesa Verde mean?

Green table

Where are the Mesa Verde and Chaco settlements located?

North across border into Colorado

Present-day New Mexico