Animal Classification

Movement

All organisms move, with some movements invisible to the human eye, such as flowers moving toward the sun.

Respiration

Organisms exchange gases with the environment, using specialized structures like lungs or the cell membrane.

Sensation

Organisms sense their surroundings and respond, receiving messages through receptors like the eye.

Growth

All organisms grow bigger until they achieve a size and stop growing.

Reproduction

All organisms must reproduce for the species to survive, with some needing two individuals and others just one.

Excretion

All organisms need to remove waste products from their bodies.

Nutrition

Organisms need nutrients from the environment to survive, with plants using photosynthesis and animals requiring an external source of energy.

Dichotomous key

A tool for classifying objects based on physical attributes, providing two contrasting choices that lead to subsequent pairs of choices or directly to the object.

Circular Key

A classification tool read from the inside to the outside to classify animals, with examples provided for clarity.

Tabular Key

A tool used for finding names of things by reading each point and selecting the one that fits the characteristic.

Binomial Nomenclature

The method of naming animals and writing their scientific names correctly.

Animal Cell

The basic structure includes a vacuole, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and nucleus.

Plant Cell

Contains a chloroplast for photosynthesis and a cell wall for strength and protection, distinguishing it from animal cells.

Vertebrates vs. Invertebrates

Invertebrates lack a backbone, while vertebrates have a spinal column, with differences in skeletal structure and complexity of organ systems.

Phyla of Vertebrates

The main groups are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, each with distinct characteristics and examples provided.

Reptiles

Examples - snakes, lizard, tortoise, crocodile. Characteristics include skin with scales, changing body temperature, lungs for breathing, and eggs with membranous or leathery shells laid on land.

Birds

Examples - kookaburra, emu, penguin, cockatoo, parrot. Characteristics include skin with feathers, eggs with hard shell, beak for feeding, and constant body temperature.

Mammals

Examples - wallaby, possum, dog, cat, human. Characteristics include skin with hair or fur, females with mammary glands that secrete milk, and constant body temperature.

Amphibians

Examples - Frog, toad, salamander. Characteristics include soft moist skin without scales, changing body temperature, eggs laid in water without shells, and larvae usually living in water.

Arthropods

Phylum of invertebrate animals with joint limbs, shell, and periodic shedding of the shell. They are scavengers and likely belong to insects, arachnids, or crustaceans.

Classes of Mammals

Placental, monotremes, and marsupials. Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates that feed milk to their young, have hair or fur, and possess a more complex brain than most animals.

Endotherms

Old term: warm-blooded animals. Endotherms can maintain a constant body temperature without external help, using metabolism to regulate heat production and loss.

Ectotherms

depend on external sources for body heat regulation.

MRS GREN

Movement

Resperation

Sensation

Growth

Reproduction

Excretion

Nutrition

Vacuole

A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm: is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.

Cell Membrane

Is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment

Mitchondria

generates most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions.

Nucleus

contains the chromosomes (DNA) and is the brain of the cell

Animal Cell Diagram

Chloroplast

A chloroplast is an organelle within the cells of plants and certain algae that is the site of photosynthesis

Cell wall of plant cell

The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells and provides tensile strength and protection

Diff between animal and plant cell

Plant cell have chloroplast and cell wall, animal cell does not have it.

Plant Cell

Classifying organisims

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Eukaryote

Multiple celled

5 Kingdoms

Animali, Protista, Monera, Plants, Fungi

Prokaryote

Single Celled

Animalia

Eukaryote (Multi celled)

Fungi

A fungus is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the traditional eukaryotic kingdoms

Plants

Eukaryotes, predominantly photosynthetic. Obtain energy from sunlight using chloroplasts

Monera

Prokaryotes. Lack a nucleus

Protista

Mostly single cellled. Have a nuclei