CHA101L Quiz 1

Labs 1 and 2

Cervical enlargement

Larger part of the spinal cord (more superior) that contains sensory and motor neurons for the upper limb

Superior: Cervical enlargement

Inferior: Lumbosacral enlargement

Identify

Lumbosacral enlargement

Larger part of the spinal cord (more inferior) that contains sensory and motor neurons for the upper limb

Conus Medullaris

Tapering inferior end of the spinal cord; typically found at the intervertebral disc between the L1 and L2 vertebrae

Conus Medullaris (tip)

Cauda equina

Filum terminale

Identify

Dura Mater

Most superficial layer of the spinal meninges.

Arachnoid Mater

Spinal meninges layer deep to the dura, separated from it by a potential subdural space.

Pia Mater

The innermost meningeal layer, is a delicate, transparent covering. Closely invests the spinal cord and is not visible to the naked eye.

Epidural vs. Subdural vs. Subarachnoid

* Between the vertebrae and the dura mater
* Between the dura mater and arachnoid mater (potential space)
* Between the arachnoid mater and pia mater (filled with CSF)

Top left: White matter

Top right: Gray matter

Right middle: Dorsal horn

Bottom Right: Ventral horn

Identify

Dorsal rootlet

Emerge from posterior (dorsal) horns and converge to form the dorsal root

Ventral rootlet

Emerge from anterior (ventral) horns and converge to form the ventral root

Dorsal root

Before the spinal nerve, sensory only

Ventral root

Before the spinal nerve, motor only

Spinal nerve

Conversion of dorsal and ventral root, both sensory and motor

Dorsal root ganglion

Group of sensory neuron cell bodies, before the spinal nerve

Dorsal rami

Branching from spinal nerve, innervates sensory and motor information for the skin and muscles on the back.

Ventral rami

Branching from spinal nerve, innervates sensory and motor information to majority of the body.

Dermatome

Strip of skin innervated by one spinal nerve.

Myotome

Group of muscles innervated by one spinal nerve.

Nerve plexus

Network of nerves coming from ventral or dorsal rami

Left side: acromion, Coracoid process, glenoid cavity, subscapular fossa, lateral border, inferior angle

Right side: acromion, lateral angle, spine, infraspinous fossa

Middle (start left middle then move down, 5 total): scapular notch, superior border, superior angle, supraspinous fossa, medial border

Identify

Left side: Greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove, radial fossa/groove, capitulum

Right side: Surgical neck, deltoid tuberosity, lateral epicondyle

Middle: Head, anatomical neck, radial groove, deltoid tuberosity, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, medial epicondyle, trochlea

Identify

Anatomical and clinical importance of the surgical neck of the humerus

* Most common place for fracture
* Axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex branch of axillary artery are both at risk of being damaged if fracture occurs

Anatomical and clinical importance of the radial (spiral) groove of the humerus

* Where the radial nerve and deep brachial artery runs through
* Any compression on that radial nerve can cause wrist drop

Wrist drop

Compression of the radial nerve, which innervates many of the extensor muscles of the wrist, causing the flexor muscles to act unopposed.

Deltoid

* Origin: lateral 1/2 of clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
* Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
* Main actions (on arm): abduction (15-90), can help with all actions except adduction
* Innervation: axillary

Pectoralis major

* Origin: medial 1/2 of clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6
* Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus (lateral)
* Main actions (on arm): adduction, flexion, medial rotation
* Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral

Latissimus dorsi

* Origin: spinous process of thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae, iliac crest
* Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
* Main actions (on arm): adduction, extension, medial rotation
* Innervation: thoracodorsal

Teres major

* Origin: inferior angle of scapula
* Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus (medial)
* Main actions (on arm): adduction, medial rotation
* Innervation: lower subscapular

Coracobrachialis

* Origin: coracoid process
* Insertion: medial side of humeral shaft
* Main actions (on arm): flexion, adduction
* Innervation: musculocutaneous (pierces the muscle)

Supraspinatus

* Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
* Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
* Main actions (on arm): abduction (0-15)
* Innervation: suprascapular

Infraspinatus

* Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
* Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
* Main action (on arm): lateral rotation, adduction
* Innervation: suprascapular

Teres minor

* Origin: lateral border of scapula
* Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
* Main actions (on arm): lateral rotation, adduction
* Innervation: axillary

Subscapularis

* Origin: subscapular fossa
* Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
* Main actions (on arm): medial rotation, adduction
* Innervation: upper and lower subscapular

Trapezius

* Origin: occipital bone, spinous processes of C7-T12
* Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, scapular spine, acromion
* Main actions (on scapula): retraction, medial and lateral rotation, elevation, depression, extension of neck


* Innervation: cranial nerve XI

Rhomboid minor

* Origin: spinous processes of C7 and T1
* Insertion: medial border of the scapula at the base of the scapular spine
* Main actions (on scapula): retraction, medial rotation
* Innervation: dorsal scapular

Rhomboid major

* Origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
* Insertion: medial border of the scapula below the scapular spine
* Main actions (on scapula): retraction, medial rotation
* Innervation: dorsal scapular

Levator scapulae

* Origin: transverse process of C1-C4
* Insertion: medial border of the scapula above the scapular spine
* Main actions (on scapula): elevation, medial rotation
* Innervation: dorsal scapular

Pectoralis minor

* Origin: ribs 3-5
* Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
* Main actions (on scapula): protraction, scapular stabilization
* Innervation: medial pectoral

Serratus anterior

* Origin: lateral surface of ribs 1-8
* Insertion: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
* Main actions (on scapula): lateral rotation, protraction, holds scapula against ribcage
* Innervation: long thoracic