BIO150- Endocrine system

Anterior pituitary gland

composed of glandular tissue, blood from the hypothalamus, travels through the hypophyseal portal vein to the anterior pituitary

posterior pituitary gland

contains nervous tissue, and axons from hypothalamus project through the infundibulum, hormones are stored and released into the blood at the posterior pituitary

What hormone is in the adrenal medulla?

Release epinephrine and norepinephrine; catecholamines (considered hormones when released into the blood)

What role does the pancreas play? 

BOTH endocrine and exocrine glands. Exocrine function is to secrete digestive enzymes.  endocrine to maintain blood sugar levels.

endocrine cells in pancreatic islets

Alpha cells- secrete glucagon

Beta cells- secrete insulin

Delta cells- secrete somatostatin

pp cells-secrete pancreatic polypeptide

What is secreted by the thyroid gland?

T3, T4, Calcitonin

What is secreted by the parathyroid gland?

PTH (parathyroid hormone) raises calcium in the blood

What’s the difference between the nervous and endocrine systems? 

The nervous system contains neurotransmitters, nervous system is faster to make a change. The endocrine system has more widespread effects; endocrine system effects usually last longer.  

what are the hormones related to the kidneys?

Erythropoietin- stimulates RBC

Renin- reg blood pressure

Calcitrol- increases calcium

What hormones are related to the heart? 

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

(Responds to high blood pressure) 

What hormones are related to the stomach?

Ghrelin (hunger signals)

What’s the gland-to-hormone walk-through?

hypothalamus (RH)—>

pituitary gland (SH)—-→

Anterior(blood) Posterior (Nervous)—>

target gland——>

Target hormone

What are the posterior functions?

To store and release hormones made in the hypothalamus. Does not produce its own hormone.

What are the anterior functions? 

produce and release its own hormones. Controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus. 

What is released by the pituitary gland to reach the ovaries?

GnRH(Gonadotropins) →

LH (Luteinizing hormone) →

FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) → ovaries

What are the hormones in the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine

norepinephrine

What is the sleep-wake cycle in the endocrine system?

Release of Melatonin and Cortisol : 

Melatonin promotes sleep, and cortisol promotes arise.