neural substrates exam #1

anatomy

study of structure

neuroanatomy

study of the nervous system structure

physiology

study of function

neurophysiology

study of nervous system function

pathology

study of disease

neuropathology

study of nervous system diseases

central nervous system

brain & spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

nerves, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves

why do we need neurological training?

1. allows for SLP to speak the language of neurologists and better communicate with them

2. allows SLPs to choose appropriate testing instruments placed on neurological injury

3. knowing neurological etiologies helps SLPs predict problems patients are likely to have

4. helps SLPs document change/efficacy of treatments

5. knowledge of neuroplasticity can help plan effective treatment

prehistoric times (3500 BCE)

people practiced trephination (cutting holes in skull)

what did the egyptians think?

cardio-centrists

what did the greeks, hippocrates think?

that damage to one side of the head sometimes resulted in problems to the opposite side of the body (contralateralization)

what did the greeks, aristotle think?

localization, the idea that certain parts of the body were responsible for certain mental functions, but he choose like the egypitans

renaissance era thinking

andreas vesalius created detailed drawing of the brain

modern era franz josef gall

taugh phernology, a form of radical localization, marie-jean-pierre flourens opposed that

PHINEAS GAGE <333333

brain has a role in personality and damage to specific parts might induce mental changes

paul broca

speaking was localized to the left front of the brain (broca’s area)

karl wernicke

understanding localized to the left, back of the brain (wernicke’s area)

20th century connectionists claim

certain areas of the brain perform certain functions, it takes many areas to produce behaviors

from a scale of how does the brain work? bits pieces to as a whole

radical localists, localists, connectionists, holistss

structural imaging

viewing the anatomy of the brain

functional imaging

viewing the physiology of the brain

Computerized tomography (CT)

structural imaging, x ray beams reflect off body’s tissue

MRI