Biology Unit One Test

homeostasis

the regulation of an internal environment (despite external conditions) to optimize life processes

Growth and Development

an organism growing and developing through out their life

response to stimuli

an organism responds immediately to their surroundings

reproduction

an organism lives long enough to be able to reproduce

evolution

over time organisms evolve to be able to adapt to their surroundings

cell

all living things have cells

metabolism

the burning of food to create energy

prokaryote

organism with no nucleus or bound organelles

eukaryote

organisms that typically multicellular that contain a nucleus and bound organelles

unicellular

organism with one cell

multicellular

organism with multiple cells

cell theory

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life (structure and function)
3. Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells

nucleus

stores genetic information and helps with production of ribosomes

DNA

genetic material

biotic

something that is living

abiotic

something that is not living

cytoplasm

environment where chemical reactions occur

cell membrane

serves as a boundary between cell and external environment, also controls movement in and out of the cell

ribosomes

in the cytoplasm unattached to membranes to produce proteins that function within cytoplasm

structure and function

the structure of an organism follows a specific function

interdependence

organisms that are dependent on each other

energy flow

the movement of energy around an ecosystem

inheritance

process by which DNA is passed down to offspring

compound light microscope

a microscope that uses two different types of lens

objective lens

high powered magnifying glass that focuses on specimen

diaphragm

controls the amount of light that shines through

stage

where the slides of specimen goes

organelle

sub-cellular structure with specific jobs to preform in the cell

ocular lens

eyepiece of the microscope which magnifies the image

tissue

a group of cells with similar structure that function as a unit

organ system

a system consisting of multiple organs

organism

a living thing

golgi apparatus

modifies and sorts proteins and lipids
(warehouse)

lysosome

filled with enzymes that digest substances such as food particles, damaged organelles, or microbes (trash compacter)

rough ER

involved in the production of proteins that will either become a part of the cell membrane or be released into the cell

smooth ER

involved in the production of lipids that will either become a part of the cell membrane or be released into the cell

vesicle

carries proteins, lipids, and waste from the golgi apparatus to other cell compartments or outside the cell membrane (transport systems)

diffusion

he movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low diffusion

facilitated diffusion

when larger or polar molecules use proteins (channel or carrier protein) to help them across the cell membrane

osmosis

diffusion of water

concentration gradient

concentration gradient is the difference in concentration between two sides of an area or boundary

hypotonic

lower concentration of solute

hypertonic

higher concentration of solute

isotonic

equal concentration of solute

active transport

transport that requires energy (ATP) to occur

endocytosis

movement of big particles into the cell membrane using vesicles

exocytosis

movement of big particles out of the cell membrane using vesicles

phosophlipid

functions at separating cells from the environment because the hydrophobic (non-polar) tail structure won't let polar substances in (fat and water don't mix)

polar

charged ions (unevenly distributed)

nonpolar

not charged ions (evenly distributed)

chloroplast

during photosynthesis, uses sun's energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce sugars and oxygen

mitochondria

power house of the cell, uses cellular respiration in sugar to produce ATP