Calc & Term Digestive and Urinary System Exam 3

Bolus

Mass of chewed food

Pharynx

Back of the mouth

Epiglottis

Flap of cartilage that covers the trachea when we swallow to prevent food from entering the respiratory system

Lower Esophageal Sphincter LES

AKA Cardiac Sphincter; acts as a doorway between the esophagus and the stomach and prevents backflow

Fundus

Upper portion of the stomach

Corpus

Middle portion of the stomach

Pylorus

Lower portion of the stomach

Rugae

Allows the stomach to expand

Pyloric Sphincter

Lies between the pylorus and the small intestine

Duodenom

Upper portion of the small intestine

Jejunum

Middle portion of small intestine

Ileum

End portion of the small intestine

Villi

Increases the surface area of the small intestine, allows for greater absorption of nutrients

Ascending colon

First part of the large intestine

Transverse colon

Second part of the large intestine; horizontal across abdomen

Descending colon

Third part of the large intestine

Sigmoid colon

Last part of the large intestine; descends into the rectum then the anus

Liver

Produces bile, detoxifies blood, balances blood sugar, stores micronutrients

Gallbladder

Stores bile

an/o

Anus

append/o

Appendix

bil/i

Bile

bucc/o

Cheek

cec/o

Cecum

cheli/o labi/o

Lip

chol/e

Bile/gall

cholangi/o

Bile duct

choledoch/o

Common bile duct

cholecyst/o

Gallbladder

col/o colon/o

Colon

dent/o odont/o

Teeth

enter/o

Small intestine

gastr/o

Stomach

gingiv/o

Gums

hepat/o

Liver

gloss/o linu/o

Tongue

lapar/o

Abdomen

pept/o

Digestion

phag/o

Eating/Swallowing

proct/o

Rectum

steat/o

Fat

Stomat/o

Mouth, mouthlike opening

Abd

Abdomen

BM

Bowel Movement

BMI

Body Mass INdex

BRP

Bathroom Privileges

CA

Cancer

EGD

Esophagogastroduoenoscopy

ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

GERD

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

GI

Gastrointestinal

IBD

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

IBS

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

LFT

Liver Function Test

N&V

Nausea and Vomiting

NG

Nasogastric

NPO

Nothing by Mouth

PO

By mouth

PR

Per Rectum

PUD

Peptic Ulcer Disease

SBO

Small Bowel Obstruction

UGI

Upper GI X-ray

Achalasia

Rare disorder in which the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax during swallowing; can lead dysphagia in advanced cases

Anorexia Nervosa

Disorder that involves a combination of an intense fear of weight gain, distorted body image and self-imposed starvation

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix

Ascites

Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity

Bowel Obstruction

Partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine

Bulimia Nervosa

Disorder that involves a combination of obsessively eating huge quantities of food with purging behaviors

Campylobacter Infection

Infection with Campylobacter organisms via contaminated food or water, resulting in intestinal illness

Celiac Disease

Autoimmune disease involving intolerance to gluten

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder, usually secondary to the presence of gallstones

Cholelithiasis

Condition in which gallstones form in the gallbladder or biliary ducts

Cirrhosis

Chronic liver disease characterized by scarring and loss of normal structure; Typically due to chronic alcoholism, certain infection or fatty liver changes

Crohn Disease

Disorder involving inflammation and edema deep into the layers of the lining of any part of the GI track

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of one or more diverticula (tiny pouches in the intestinal wall)

Diverticulosis

Condition in which diverticula form in the intestinal wall due to increased pressure

E Coli infection

Dangerous strand of Escherichia coli that produces toxins that can severely damage the intestinal lining, resulting in bloody diarrhea

Emesis

Vomiting

Esophageal varices

Varicose veins at the distal end of the esophagus

esophagitis

Inflammation of the esophageal lining

Food poisoning

Common term for several illnesses caused by eating food contaminated with bacterial or toxic organisms; sometimes called dysentery

Gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach’s mucosal lining

Gastroenteritis

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines; often referred to as the stomach flu

Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD

Backflow of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus

Hemorrhoids

Internal or external varicose veins of the anal area

Hepatitis

Chronic inflammation of the liver, caused by one or several viruses

Hernia

Protrusion of a structure through the wall that normally contains it

Hiatal hernia

Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the chest cavity

Intussusception

Slipping or telescoping of a portion of the bowel into itself, causing obstruction or ischemia

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Chronic condition characterized by alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea

Jaundice

Condition marked by yellow staining of body tissues and fluids due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood

Malabsorption Syndrome

Inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine

Malnutrition

Nutritional deficiency due inadequate intake or absorption of protein, vitamins, minerals or other nutrients

Oral herpes

Vesicular eruption in or on the mouth caused by herpesvirus

Oral thrush

Infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of candida; also called candidiasis

Pancreatitis

Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas; most common cause is alcohol

Peptic ulcer

Inflamed lesion in the gastric lining

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the organs and structures within the peritoneal cavity

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

Inflammatory condition of both small and large bowels that results in severe watery diarrhea

Salmonellosis

Intestinal infection caused by various types of salmonella organisms