Central Dogma, Transcription, and Translation

Flashcards based on lecture notes about the Central Dogma, transcription, and translation.

What is the central dogma?

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

What is transcription?

The process of creating mRNA from a DNA template.

What is translation?

The process of creating a protein from an mRNA template.

What is a promoter?

A specific sequence on DNA where transcription begins.

What are the three types of RNA mentioned?

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

What is the purpose of the 5' cap and poly-A tail?

To protect mRNA from degradation.

Where does transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes?

Occurs in the cytoplasm.

What are introns?

Non-coding regions of DNA that are transcribed but removed from the mRNA.

What are exons?

Coding regions of DNA that are transcribed and included in the mRNA.

What is the initiation phase of translation?

Bringing together mRNA, tRNA, and the ribosome to start protein synthesis.

What happens during the elongation phase of translation?

tRNA matches codons with amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain.

What happens during the termination phase of translation?

The polypeptide chain is released.