1792-1824 (First Party System)
Main problem: Should the federal government have power over the state governments?
1) Federalists
More centralized and powerful federal government
Continue relationships with Great Britain
Regulated and centralized banking system (consolidate debt)
Relationship between the elites of society with government
Loose construction - Necessary and Proper Clause/Elastic Clause)
Diverse economy that does not rely on just farming
Advocated for international trade to connect the US with foreign ports
Large New England following because it started with trading and ports
People: Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, John Jay
Pro-constitution and wrote the Federalist Papers
Diversity of the economy
2) Anti-Federalists ā> Democratic Republican Party
Party for the people
Wanted statesā rights
No central banking system
Individual liberty
Constitutionally limited view of the federal government (strict construction)
People: Thomas Jefferson (Election of 1800), James Madison
Advocated for a Bill of Rights
Favored a country of small, independent landowners
Anti-federalists not a party ā> against ratification of the constitution
Economy relied dominantly on agriculture
Education - liked a virtuous and enlightened citizenry
Era of Good Feelings (1815-1825)
Democratic Republican
1820 = start of a new party that resembled the Federalists (called Republicans)
Promote economic growth and centralization
1828-1864
1) Democratic Republican ā> Democratic Party
Began with Andrew Jackson - Jacksonian Democracy
Federal government should serve the people, not money or politicians
Strong presidential power
Slavery should be decided by the states
Liked by the Southern states
Hate the Bank of the US
Pro Jackson
Favored hard money and against the usage of paper currency
Less centralized power (limited government role)
Smaller merchants/workingmen/westerners who liked an agrarian economy
Western Expansion
2) Whig Party
Federalist ā> Whig Party
Henry Clay and John C Calhoun (not really a true Whig)
Business friendly
National bank should remain intact
Federal money for internal improvements
Split after their wishy-washy stance on slavery (expansion to the west)
Anti-Jackson (A combination of the National Republican Party, Anti-Masonic Party, and disaffected Democrats)
Centralizing power
3) Republican Party/National Republican Party (1828-1836) ā> Whigs (Kansas Nebraska)
Haters of Jacksonian Democracy, supporters of John Quincy Adams
Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams
Against expansion of slavery
Lincoln
Supported economic nationalism
4) Anti-Masonic Party
5) Liberty Party
6) Free Soil Party (1848)
Denounced slavery and wants the government to abolish it in all districts and territories
7) Know-Nothing Party (American Party) - 1837-1850
Came from the Know Nothings movement - a nativist movement
Reconstruction Era (1864-1890)
1) Democratic Party
Carpetbaggers: Northerners serving as Republican leaders in the South
2) Republican Party
Conservative Republicans: South the accept abolition and proposed conditions for readmission
Radicals: Wanted more Harsher punishments 0 Stevens and Sumner
Moderates
Scalawags: Southern white Republicans
3) Green Back Party
Result of the Specie Resumption Act
Wanted Greenback dollars
Progressive Era (1896-1932)
Late 1800s = stable party system with the electorate divided evenly between the Democratic and Republican Party
1) Democratic Party
Catholics, Recent immigrants, Poorer workers
Do not want to restrict immigrants
2) Republican PartyĀ Ā Ā
Restricting immigration
Protestant, middle class, āold-stockā citizens
Stalwarts and Half-Breeds competing for control
Half-Breeds: wants reforms
Stalwarts: Traditional, professional machine politics
Roosevelt (progressives were majority democrat but Roosevelt was a Republican)
3) Progressive Party (1912)
Started by Roosevelt
Progressive causes: Regulation of industry/trusts, reforming the government, womenās suffrage, etc
4) Peopleās Party
Farmersā party
Printing more money without metal restrictions to help get rid of debt
Populists
Wanted a more direct relationship with the government - popular vote of senators, referendums, etc
Anti-Immigrant
5) Socialist Party
Popularity after industrialization
Like a labor party but not really
Supported unions and cooperatives
Represent interests of workers
Support from urban immigration communities and protestant farmers
The New Era 1920s
Republicans
Tied to big business and believed in Laissez-Faire
Wanted Tariffs
Low money supply
Low taxes/spending
Military improvements
Democrats
Government =more involved, progressivism
Keynesian Economics
Supported by African Americans after FDRās presidency
Southern Democrats/Dixiecrats - want to keep segregation
1928 -Hoover platform
Lower taxes
Protective tariff, donāt give farmers subsidies
Creation of new farm agency to assist cooperative marketing associations
Enforcement of Prohibition
Reagan Realignment (1981)
Reagan tries to get Dissimilar people to support him
Rural America (used to be Democrat)
Wealth Americans (Always Republican - no regulation, low taxes)
Blue collar workers
White southerners (Used to vote democrat - segregation, reconstruction, etc)
Evangelicals (Christian basis on government)
Yuppies (young, urban, professionals - opposite of Hippies)
Greedy, self-indulgence, etc
Hippie movement goes into the Yuppie movement