Psychology Unit 8

Psychology Student Syndrome

psychology students studying abnormal behavior can also become convinced that they have some mental disorder

clinical psychology

the applied field of psych that seeks to assess, understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice

psychologist

can’t prescribe meds, supports people through psychotherapy

psychopathology

scientific study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences

etiology

study and investigation into the root cause of psychological disorder

psychological disorder

any condition characterized by cognitive and emotional disturbances, abnormal behaviors, impaired functioning, or any combination of these

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

manual that lists 541 diagnoses; most widely used classification system

abnormal psychology

the scientific study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning

Deviant

abnormal behavior, thoughts, and emotion that differ from society’s ideas about proper functioning

distressing

the person reports feeling pain and discomfort associated with his/her emotions, thoughts, and behaviors

Dysfunctional

interfering with the ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

dangerous

abnormal behavior becomes dangerous to ones self on others

Diagnostic labels (+)

help health care professionals when communicating about establishing therapy and causes

Diagnostic labels (-)

label can make labeled person act differently

Self fulfilling prophecy

when you get told you suck--- believe it--- do it

Insanity

legal term to a defendants ability to determine right from wrong when a crime is committed

model

set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations

Biological Model

views abnormal behavior as an illness brought about by the malfunctions within an organism. Believe to be most effective.

Psychodynamic model

a persons behavior, whether normal or abnormal, is determined largely by underlying psychological forces which he or she is not consciously aware (abnormal symptoms causes of forces conflicting with each other)

Behavioral model

our actions are determined largely by our experiences in life

cognitive model

cognitive processes are at the center of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions

Eclectic model

broad based approach, a combination of established approaches to diagnose and treat individuals with psychological disorders

stigma

societal disapproval and judgment of a person with mental illness because they do not fit their communities social norms

stereotypes

“all people with mental illness are dangerous”

prejudice

“ I think people with mental illness are dangerous”

discrimination

“ I don’t want to work with mental illness people, so I do not hire them” (action)

trephining

holes are drills into a living persons skull in order to release demonic spirits “causing disorder”

Hippocrates 500B.C.

abnormal behavior was a disease from internal physical problems

asylums

institution to provide care for people with mental disorders

Philippe Pinel

argued for humane treatment of the mentally ill, created reform for institutions

Dorothea Dix

teacher that made humane care a public and political concern in the U.S.

Deinstitutionalization

when better psychotropic drugs were created this movement began to remove patients who were considered a threat to themselves or the community

consequences of deinstitutionalization

increase in mentally ill homeless population, families and communities have failed to meet the needs of these people

Anxiety disorders

group of mental disorders that deal with real of perceived threats

Comorbidity

presence of more than one disorder in a person

panic disorder

reoccurring and unpredictable panic attacks

generalized anxiety disorder

experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything

specific phobia

intense, irrational fear response to specific stimuli

agoraphobia

fear that escape will be difficult in public situation

social anxiety disorder

intense fear of social situations

trypophobia

feeling of disgust or fear when there are patterns with holes

arachnophobia

fear of spiders

obsessive compulsive disorder

compound disorder of thought and behavior

obsessions

persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts that one can not get out of their heads

compulsions

are ritualistic behaviors performed repeatedly

Related Obsessive- Compulsive Disorders

Hoarding Disorder

Hoarding Disorder

persistent difficulty discarding or parting from possessions due to perceived need to save items

Anxiety Related Disorder

PTSD

PTSD

result of some trauma experiences by the victim. re experience of traumatic event in nightmares or flashbacks where they relive the event

Mood Disorder

psychological disorder characterized by emotional extremes

Mood related disorder

mood swings alternating between period of major depression and mania (hyperactive, widely optimistic state)

Rapid cycling

usually short periods of mania followed almost immediately by depression, usually for a longer duration

mood related disorders

major depressive disorder

major depressive disorder

involved intense depressive mood, reduced interest or pleasure in activities, loss of energy, and problems in decision making

Neurodevelopment disorders

disabilities in the functioning of the brain that affect the individuals behavior, memory, concentration and/ or the ability to learn

Examples of Neurodevelopment disorders

attention deficit/ hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability (ID)

ADHD

disorder marked by the inability to focus attention and/or overactive and impulsive disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests and activities

Intellectual Disability

marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average

Neurocognitive disorder

group of disorders in which the primary problem is in cognitive function, impairments in cognitive abilities such as memory, problem solving and perception

Neurocognitive disorder examples

Delirium and Alzheimer’s disease

Delirium

a rapidly developing acute disturbance in attention, and orientation that makes it difficult to concentrate and think in a clear organized manner

Alzheimer’s Disease

fatal degenerative disease in which the brain neurons progressively die, characterized by loss of memory, reasoning, emotion and control of bodily functions

personality disorder

long lasting, maladaptive thought and behavior patterns that are troublesome to others harmful or illegal

Cluster A (personality disorder)

“weird, odd or eccentric behaviors”

Paranoid Personality Disorder

“accusatory”; pattern of distrust and suspiciousness about other people’s motives, individual thinks that others are out to threaten, betray, exploit or harm

Schizoid Personality Disorder

“aloof”; characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion

Schizotypal Personality Disorders

“Awkward”; characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving and behavioral eccentricities

Cluster B (personality disorder)

“wild, dramatic, emotional or erratic behavior”

Antisocial personality disorder (ADP)

characterized by general pattern of disregard for any violation of other peoples rights (closely linked to criminal behavior)

Borderline personality disorder

characterized by repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, mood and impulsive behavior

Histrionic Personality Disorder

characterized by pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Narcissistic personality disorder

characterized by pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy

Goldwater rule

unethical for psychiatrists to give professional opinion about public figures whom they have not examined in person

Cluster C (personality disorder)

”anxious or fearful”

Avoidant Personality Disorder

characterized by consistent discomfort and restrain in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy and extreme sensitivity to negative potential rejection humiliation

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

characterized by intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the person loses flexibility, openness and efficiency

Eating and feeding disorders

abnormal eating habits. May involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an individuals physical and mental health

Anorexia nervosa

life-threatening eating disorder that involves intense fear of weight fain or becoming overweight, distorted perception of ones weight/body shape, persistent restriction of caloric intake

Body dysmorphia

increasing cognitive misperception of being overweight despite evidence t be contrary

Bulimia Nervosa

recurrent bing eating followed by compensatory behaviors for the intake of food, such as purging

Bingeing

eating large amount of food in a short period of time

Purge

can include self induced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise

Binge eating disorder “compulsive overeating”

uncontrollably eating a large amount of food in a short period of time; after binging the person does not purge, still feels extreme sense of guilt

Somatic symptom disorders

characterized by psychiatric symptoms associated with physical complaints. Feelings are extreme and cause anxiety

Conversion Disorder

loss of some bodily function without physical damage to the affected organs or their neural connections

Dissociative Disorder

psychological disorders that involves sudden loss or memory or change in identity; aka multiple personality disorder

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

rare disorder, at least 2 distinct and relatively enduring personalities or dissociated personality states that control a person’s behavior

Schizophrenia

personal, social and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions and motor abnormalities

Transition

“split mind” referring to split form reality

Psychosis

any disorder in which the affected person had lost contact with reality

Positive symptoms

characteristics of schizophrenia that are added to a persons personality, such as hallucinations, inappropriate emotions, delusions

Schizophrenia delusions

bizarre or far fetched beliefs that are unchanging even after being proven incorrect

Delusions of reference

believing that hidden messaged are being sent to you via newspaper, TV radio etc.

Delusions of Grandeur

believing you are someone powerful or important, have special abilities, possessions or powers

Delusions of persecution

believing that spies, aliens, the government etc are plotting against you (most common)

Schizophrenia Hallucinations

sound or images that no one else hears

Negative Symptoms

characteristics taken away from a person’s personality; things that the individual does not do

Catatonia

a pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms which may include catatonic stupor, rigidity or posturing

Flat Affect

withholding of emotions and exhibiting diminished emotional expression