Studied by 129 peopleindependent clause
basically, a complete sentence
dependent clause
cannot stand on it's own. ex: "when I went to Europe" "because I am a teacher" "after I called the doctor"
Possessive of "it"
its
ex: its collar
Contraction of "it is"
it's
It's hot today.
Which is not a correct form?
its, it's, its'
its'. This form does NOT exist.
They're
They are
Their
Possessive, ex: their books
There=
a place, ex: I live there.
Rewrite this with a possessive form of "teacher": The salary of this teacher is very high.
This teacher's salary is very high.
Rewrite this with a possessive form of "teachers": The salaries of these teachers are very low.
These teachers' salaries are very low.
Correct? This is they're friend Bob.
No. Their friend. (possessive) CORRECT: This is their friend Bob.
Who's=?
Who is
Whose=?
Possessive, ex: whose hat is this?
When do you use a semi-colon?
On the ACT, it's the same as a period.
When do you use a colon?
Independent clause (sentence first): THEN a list or explanation (what follows the colon can be a complete sentence but does not have to be.)
Are the commas correct? Jacksonville is Florida's largest city by land area, however, it is not the largest by population.
NO. Run-on/comma splice. Use a semi-colon or period before "however."
Need a comma? I went to the store that sells all the vintage toys.
NO COMMA before or after "THAT"
Is the comma correct? My mother is a doctor, and my father is a teacher at the city's largest private lower school.
Yes. The comma is used to separate two sentences connected by one of the FANBOYS.
What are the FANBOYS?
Conjunctions that can be used to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences). For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Is the comma correct? When I went to Chicago, the weather was terrible.
YES. The comma is separating a dependent clause (when...) + an independent clause, in that order.
Is the comma correct? The weather was terrible, when I went to Chicago.
NO. NO COMMA between an independent clause + a dependent clause (if in that order). Correct: The weather was terrible when I went to Chicago.
Are the commas correct? Jacksonville, which is a very large city, has a variety of cultural landmarks.
YES. Comma sandwich. "which is a very large city" is non-essential in the sentence.
Are the commas correct? I like apples, pear, and bananas.
Yes. Commas separating items in a list of 3 or more. ____, ____, and ____
Is the comma correct? I like dogs that have black spots, and cats with orange stripes.
NO. NO COMMA separating a list of only 2 things.
INCORRECT: ______, and _______
CORRECT: ______ and ____
Is the comma correct? The snarling, drooling raccoon in the cage scared me.
YES. The comma is separating 2 adjectives whose order CAN be reversed. EX: "The drooling, snarling raccoon in the cage scared me." (Also acceptable)
Is the comma correct? The big, red ball bounced into the street.
NO. NO COMMA separating adjectives whose order CANNOT be reversed. (We don't say red big ball.) CORRECT: The big red ball bounced into the street.
Is the comma correct? Jacksonville is a very large city, some cities are even bigger.
NO. You must use a period or semi-colon to separate 2 independent clauses (2 complete sentences). CORRECT: Jacksonville is a very large city; some cities are even bigger. OR Jacksonville is a very large city. Some cities are even bigger. OR Jacksonville is a very large city, but some cities are even bigger.
Is the comma correct? Jacksonville is a very large city, and has a variety of cultural landmarks.
NO. NO COMMA because "has a variety of cultural landmarks" is NOT an independent clause/complete sentence. It has no subject. CORRECT: Jacksonville is a very large city and has a variety of cultural landmarks.
Is the comma correct? The man in the red coat, will definitely miss the bus.
NO. NO COMMA between a subject and a verb. Correct: The man in the red coat will definitely miss the bus.
Is the comma correct? She is one of the greatest painters, of all time.
NO. "of" is a preposition. NO COMMA before or after a preposition. CORRECT: She is one of the greatest painters of all time.
Is the comma correct? The forest was filled with snarling, animals.
NO. NO COMMA between an adjective and a noun. CORRECT: The forest was filled with snarling animals.
Is the first comma correct? I attended a liberal arts college, (which I enjoyed a great deal), but I earned my graduate degree at a large university.
NO. NO COMMA before an open parenthesis. The second comma comes before a FANBOYS and independent clause so it IS correct. CORRECT: I attended a liberal arts college (which I enjoyed a great deal), but I earned my graduate degree at a large university.
If you use who...
You can check that "he", "she", or "they" could replace "who" in the phrase. Ex: I knew the man who called the talk show. ("HE called the talk show"--YES, that is correct.)
If you use whom...
You can check that "him", "her", or "them" could replace "whom" in the phrase. Ex: The student whom I called on Tuesday did not attend the class. ("I called HIM on Tuesday"--YES, that is correct.)
After a preposition, should you use "who" or "whom"?
ALWAYS use "whom." Ex: "of whom" "to whom" "with whom" because we say "of him" "to him" and "with him", NOT "to he"...
neither...
neither...nor...
either...
either...or...
as...
as...as...
not only...
not only...but (also)...
Is the comma correct? I went to see Matt Damon's latest film, "The Bourne Ultimatum," at the theater last night.
YES--> the title is non-essential because we would all be able to figure out which movie based on it being Matt Damon's latest film.
Is the comma correct? I went to see my friend, Jane, last night.
NO-->Because I hopefully have more than one friend, we do not know which friend without her name. Jane is essential information. CORRECT: I went to see my friend Jane last night.
Correct? Would of
NO, INCORRECT. There is no such phrase in English. CORRECT: would have
Correct? could of, should of
NO, INCORRECT. There is no such phrase in English. CORRECT: could have, should have
Correct? must of
NO, INCORRECT. There is no such phrase in English. CORRECT: must have
Whether (this)...
Whether (this)...or (that)...
If a verb form is underlined...
...check subject-verb agreement, then tense.
pronoun
he, she, it, they, him, her, them...
If a pronoun is underlined...
check what it refers to....should it be singular or plural? Is there an answer choice with a more specific and logical noun? Does it make sense in the sentence...he vs him, she vs her, etc?
Correct this sentence: I like swimming, dancing, and to hike.
Parallel structure: I like swimming, dancing, and hiking.
Note
Flashcard