Rumen Digestion Exam 2

Hardware Disease is found where?

Reticulum

What is the order of the ruminant digestive system?

Rumen

Omasum

Abomasum

Recticulum

Polysaccharides Starch

Alpha bond linkage

Dogs and cats can digest

Cellulose

Hemicellulode

Beta bond linkage

Non CHO lignin-lignin is not a CHO

Dogs have ____ CHO

High, Omnivores

Cats have ___ CHO

Low

Carnivores

Horses have ____ CHO

High

Herbivores

True or False Monosaccharides do not need hydrolysis

True

Carbohydrates composition percentage makeup

Carbón 40%, Hydrogen 7%, & Oxygen 53%

List the Monosaccharides

Glucose, Fructose and Galactose

List the Disaccharides

Sucrose, Maltose & Lactose

List the Polysaccharides

Starch,Cellulose, &Glycogen

Three forms of starch are

Amylose

Amylopectin

Glycogen

T or F

Amylose(14-30%) Soluble in Water

True

True or F Amylopectin(70-85%) not soluble in water

True

T or F Glycogen (animal starch), small amount in liver and muscle

Soluble in water

True

True or false Ruminants have the Salivary Amylase

False

Describe Pancreatic Amylase

Hydrolyzes alpha 1-4linkages

Produces monosaccharides,disaccharides and polysaccharides

Major importance in hydrolyzing starch and glycogen to maltose

_____ mediated by enzyme synthesized by cells lining the _____ (brush border)

Digestión and small intestine

Sucrose——→ (Sucrase)=

Glucose +Fructose

Maltose——> (Maltase) =

Glucose +Glucose

Lactose——> (Lactase) =

Glucose +Galactose

Do ruminants have sucrase

No

Do poultry have lactase

No

List 3 Volatile Fatty Acids produced by microbial digestion of fibers

Acetate

Propionate

Butyrate

_____&_______ contain high numbers of bacteria which produce cellulose

Cecum and Colón

Describe Carbohydrate Absorption in Monogastrics

With exception of newborn animas (first 24hrs) no di-,Tri, or polysaccharides are absorbed

Monosaccharides absorbed primarily in duodenum and jejunum

Little absorption in stomach and large intestines

Describe Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption in Monogatrics

Polysaccharides broken down to monosaccharides

Monosaccharides taken up by active transport or facilitated diffusion and carried to liver

Glucose is transported to cells requiring energy

Insulin influenced rate of cellular uptake

List the 6 Carbohydrate Pathways

Glycolysis

TCA Cycle

Gluconegenesis

Glycogenolysis

Pentose Pathway

Acetate uses (2)

Energy

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Propionate uses(2)

Energy

Gluconeogenic-glucose synthesis

_______ is an intermdiate product but is 10 times more toxic than nitrate

Nitrite

High plane of nutriton

Long luxuriant papillae well suited to promote absorption

Low plane of nutrition

Small,blunted papillae when malnourished

Required time on a high-quality diet to allow for development of their papillae and absorptive capacity

An adult cow undergoing healthy rumination can produce as much as 50 liters of excess gas per hour, comprising approximately ___ % CO2 ____Methane gas and less than ___% hydrogen gas

60% CO2, 40% Methane gas and less than 0.05%

No monogatric is known to produce _____

Cellulose

Each milimeter of rumen bacteria contains

10-50 bilion bacteria