GEO2000 Exam 1 Minerals

Mineral Requirements

1. Naturally occuring 2. Inorganic 3. Solid 4. Specific Chemical composition 5.Crystaline (atomic structure)

Major Mineral Groups

1. Silicates
2. Oxides
3. Sulfides
4. Sulfates
5. Native Elements
6. Halides
7. Carbonates
8. Hydroxides
9. Phosphates

Where do Minerals Form?

1. Crystalize from Magma
2. Evaporating (Salt flats)
3. Hydrothermal fluids (hot water in cracks)
4. Cold Groundwater (caves, limestone)
5. Volcanic gases (sulfur)
6. Metamorphism (high heat and pressure)
7. Biomineralization (Shells and skeletons)

Sillicates

Si + O + Metals

Sulfides

Metal + S

Sulfates

Metal + SO4

Native Elements

Single Element

Halides

Metal + Halogen (Cl, Fl, Br, or I)

Carbonates

CO3

Hydroxides

OH

Oxides

Metal + O

Phosphates

PO4

Rock Forming Minerals

1. Quartz (SiO2)
2. Feldspar (Orthoclase, plegioclase)
3. Muscovite (mica)
4. Biotite (mica)
5. Olivine
6. Pyroxene
7. Amphibole
8. Calcite (CaCO3)

What is most common mineral group in the earth’s crust

Silicates

____ is 50% of the earth’s crust

Feldspar

What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and what percentage is it?

Oxygen, 46%

What is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and what percentage is it?

Silicon, 27%

True or False, same chemistry = same mineral and give an example

False, Graphite and Diamond