Inheritance and Reproduction
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Last updated 12:54 PM on 3/13/23
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43 Terms
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Alleles
Different versions of the same gene
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Homozygous
Organism that has two of the same alleles
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Heterzygous
Organism that has two different alleles
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Genotype
Combination of alleles in an organism
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One filial (F1) generation
The first generation of offspring
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Dominant
Only one allele is needed
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Recessive
Two alleles are needed
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Gene locus
Location on a gene
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Homologous chromosomes
Two chromsomes in a pair
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Second filial (F 2 ) generation
Kids of F1 generation
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Phenotype
Physical apperance
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Pedigree
Genetic family tree
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Test-cross
Crossing alleles to get a certain outcome
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Purebreed
Homozygous dominant or rescessive
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Hybrid
Heterozygous
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Parental (P) generation
Parent alleles
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Muntant
Change in DNA
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Diploid Cells
Cells that have two complete sets of chromosomes
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Haploid Cells
Cells that have one complete set of chromosomes
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Gametes
Reproductive cells that are always haploid
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Meosis
the specialized cell division that creates haploid gametes from diploid cells.
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Zygote
The first cell in a new organism
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G1 (Gap) Phase
Growth
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S (Synthesis) Phase
Growth and DNA Replication
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G2 (Gap) Phase
Growth and final preperation
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M (Mitosis) Phase
Nuclues and Cell divide
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G0
Cell won’t procced in cycle and divide
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Apotosis
Programed cell death
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Oncogenes
Results in cell cycle being overstimulated
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Loss of function in tumor-suppressor genes
Result in a failure to stop the cell cycle when the cell isn’t ready to divide
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Chromatin
The disorganized genetic material of a non-dividing cell that is composed of DNA and histones (protein)
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Chromosomes
The organized genetic material of dividng cells that is composed of organized units of chromatin
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Chromatid
Each half of a chromosome prior to division
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Sister chromatids
Chromatids that are exact copies of one another
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Centromere
Point of connection between sister chromatids
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Sex Chromosomes
Determine gender
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XY
Male
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XX
Female
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Interphase
Time between cell division
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Prophase
Chromatin coils and organizes itself to form chromosomes, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate, spindle fibers form
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Metaphase
Chromosomes line up single file along the metaphase plate (equator of the cell)
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Anaphase
Sister chromatids seperate and move to the ends of the cell
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Telophase
Reverse of prophase, nuclear membrane and nucleolus come back, chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin, spindle fibers disinagrate
Note 
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