Chapter Four: The Musculoskeletal System—Orthopedics

-physis

growth

oste/o

bone

crani/o

head, skull

cervic/o

neck

spondyl/o

vertebra

lumb/o

loin, lower back

dactyl/o

finger

carp/o

wrist

cost/o

rib

femor/o

femur (thighbone)

tars/o

ankle

tibi/o

tibia (shinbone)

chondr/o

cartilage

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

tendon

muscul/o, my/o, myos/o

muscle

fasci/o

fascia

kinesi/o, kinet/o

movement, motion

ton/o

tone, tension

tax/o

arrangement, order, coordination

ankyl/o

stiff, bent

arthrocentesis

puncture of a joint

arthrogram

visual record of a joint

arthrography

procedure used to examine a joint

arthroscope

instrument used for looking into a joint

arthroscopy

procedure of looking into a joint

computed axial tomography (CAT or CT)

imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis

electromyogram

a record of the electrical activity of the muscle

myography

procedure for studying muscles

osteometry

procedure for measuring a bone

kyphosis

humped back; abnormal curvature of the upper spine

lordosis

sway back; abnormal curvature of the lower spine

scoliosis

crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

carpitis

wrist inflammation

craniomalacia

softening of the skull

exotosis

an abnormal growth of bone out on another bone

fracture

a bone break

osteodystrophy

poor bone development

osteolysis

bone loss

osteonecrosis

death of bone

osteosclerosis

abnormal hardening of bone

ankylosing spondylitis

a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae

chondro-osteodystrophy

poor development of bones and cartilage

craniosynostosis

the premature fusing of the skull bones

dactylitis

finger inflammation

hypertrophic spondylitis

overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation

osteitis

bone inflammation

osteocarcinoma

bone cancer tumor

osteochondritis

inflammation of bone and cartilage

osteochondroma

a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exotosis made up of cartilage

osteogenesis imperfecta

a disease in which bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease

osteomalacia

softening of the bone

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

osteopathy

bone disease

osteopenia

reduction in bone volume

osteoporosis

loss of bone density

osteosarcoma

cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells

spinal stenosis

abnormal narrowing of the spine

spondyloarthropathy

joint disease of the vertebrae

spondylolisthesis

the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra

spondylolysis

loss of vertebra structure

spondylosis

vertebra condition

arthritis

joint inflammation

rheumatoid arthritis

inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever

septic arthritis

inflammation of the joint caused by infection

osteoarthritis

inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight

arthocele

hernia of a joint

arthectomy

removal of a joint

arthroclasia

the therapeutic break of a joint to allow for increased mobility

arthrodesis

surgical fixation of a joint

arthrolysis

loosening of a a stiff joint

arthroplasty

reconstruction of a joint

arthrotomy

incision into a joint

bursectomy

removal of a bursa

bursotomy

incision into a bursa

chondrectomy

removal of cartilage

chondroplasty

reconstruction of cartilage

Hx

history

Fx

fracture

Tx

treatment

ACL

anterior cruciate ligament

MCL

medial collateral ligament

closed reduction

returning bones to their proper position

open reduction

returning bones to their proper position through the use of surgery

metacarpectomy

removal of a bone in the hand

orthotics

a device that aids in the straightening or stabilizing of a part of the body

ostectomy

removal of a bone

osteoplasty

reconstruction of a bone

osteotomy

incision into a bone

prothesis

a device tat is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function

spondylosyndesis

fusing together of multiple vertebrae

sternotomy

incision into the sternum

tarsectomy

removal of all or portion of the ankle

tarsoclasia

surgical fracture of the ankle

PCL

posterior cruciate ligament

CTS

carpal tunnel syndrome

EMG

electromyogram

FROM

full range of motion

myoplasty

muscle reconstruction