AP Bio 12 Ch 6 - pt 3 Catabolic pathways

What accounts for most of the energy extracted from food following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

NADH and FADH2

What does FADH2 and NADH do to power ATP synthesis?

donates electrons to the electron transport chain

Where is the electron transport chain in the cell?

in the cristae of the mitochondrion

What are most of the electron chain's components and what are the components a part of?

Proteins that exist in multiprotein complexes

What happens to the NADH and FADH2 when working with the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH2 alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons

What happens to the electrons during the electron transport chain and what is the end result?

Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O

What is one of the proteins where electrons are passed through in the multiprotein complex of the electron transport chain?

Cytochromes (each with an iron atom)

What is the electron chain's function?

break the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts. It does not generate ATP

What does the electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to do?

Causes the proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the inter-membrane space

What happens to the H+ after being pumped to the inter-membrane space?

It moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase

What does ATP synthase use to drive phosphorylation of ATP in cellular respiration?

The exergonic flow of H+

What is the exergonic flow of H+ used for?

Used by ATP synthase to drive the phosphorylation of ATP in cellular respiration

Chemiosmosis

the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

What does the energy stored in a H+ gradient across a membrane couple?

The redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis

Proton-motive force

H+ gradient, emphasizing its capacity to do work

What is the sequence that most energy flows in cellular respiration

Glucose -> NADH -> electron transport chain -> proton-motive force -> ATP

Where is 40% of the energy in a glucose molecule transferred to? how much does it make?

ATP during cellular respiration, making about 38 ATP

Does Glycolysis use O2 to produce ATP?

It can produce ATP with or without O2

How does glycolysis produce ATP in the absence of O2?

Fermentation or anaerobic respiration

What does anaerobic respiration use?

an electron transport chain with an electron acceptor other than O2 (eg: sulfate)

What process is different in fermentation compared to oxidative phosphorylation when producing ATP?

Uses phosphorylation instead of an electron transport chain to produce ATP