Western Heritage Chapter 3 Key terms/People

Reformation

Religious reform movement in Europe during 1500s. Sought to reform the Roman Catholic Church and led to establishment of Protestantism

Modern Devotion

north European Christian group that sought to encourage an individual, mystical relationship with god, apart from the formality of church

Indulgence

remission of the temporal penalty of punishment in purgatory that remained after sins had been forgiven

Benifice

Ecclesiastical offices for which holders receive

incomes from endowments in return for services performed

Martin Luther

german friar and priest who preached against the sale of indulgences and wrote the 95 theses, started Lutheranism, started reformation in Europe

Ninety-five theses

1517 and are widely regarded as the initial catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. The disputation protests against clerical abuses, especially nepotism, simony, usury, pluralism, and the sale of indulgences

Charles V

Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the HRE and of extensive territories in Spain & Netherlands (1519)

Frederick the Wise

elector of Saxony; one of the most powerful early defenders of Martin Luther, Protestantism and the reformation

Diet of Worms

a meeting of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's imperial diet at Worms in 1521, at which Martin Luther was summoned to appear. Where german nobility presented the emperor with 102 oppressive (church) burdens and abuses. 1521

Canton

European gov't political subdivisions in Europe; convenient administrative subdivision for purposes of elections, tax collection and gendarmerie

Anabaptist

Protestants who insisted that only adult

baptism conformed to Scripture.

Antitrinitarian

A group of Protestants who were the strongest opponents of Calvin’s belief in original sin and predestination

Predestination

the doctrine that god had foreordained all souls to salvation( the "elect") or damnation. Especially associated with Calvinism

Calvinism *

set of beliefs that puritans followed, resulted in Calvinist followers wanting to practice religion & it brought about wars between Huguenots and Catholics that tore France apart

Magdeburg

city in german full of Huguenots who were fighting the catholics

Peace of Augsburg *

"Augsburg settlement", treaty between Charles V and forces of Schmalkaldic League, and Lutheran princes

William Tyndale

wrote Tyndale bible; English scholar who became a leading figure in protestant reform in years leading up to his execution, translated bible to english

Henry VIII

English king who created church of England after the pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce w/ church approval

Anne Boleyn

lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine; became pregnant and married Henry VIII secretly to legitimize the heir; committed adultery

Act of Supremacy *

The declaration by Parliament in 1534 that Henry VIII, not the pope, was the head of the church in England

Six Articles

Muslim doctrine "6 articles of faith", fundamental beliefs every Muslim abides to

Act of Uniformity

Imposed Thomas Cranmer’s Book of Common Prayer on all English churches in 1549

Counter-Reformation *

movement of the church to repel the movement of the Protestants and to regain the Catholic prestige

Jesuit

wanted to spread Catholic faith, male religious congregation of the Catholic Church

Council of Trent *

one of the Catholic churches most important ecumenical councils, prompted by protestant reformation, made the vulgate the official example of the biblical canon

Genevan Academy

private school with 7 classes for youth, taught latin and greek grammar, literature and logic; public school where students were taught philosophy, Hebrew , Greek and theology

Apprentice

training in art, trade or craft under a legal agreement that defines the duration and conditions of the relationship between master and apprentice

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

wrote Don Quixote, a Mexican novel that follows the adventures of a man driven insane by romance novels

William Shakespeare

most famous playwrite and poet to ever live

Tragedy

classification of drama written by Shakespeare that has a protagonist with some sort of flaw

Charles Marlowe

Author of the first real historical drama and first English tragedy