American Pageant - Chapter 2

what forever changed the new world?

european crops & animals

what did imperial spain have a grip on?

most of new world

what part of the US have not been explored by europeans?

the western side of the US

locations where major european groups made outposts at:

• spanish at santa fe: 1610

• french in quebec: 1608

• english at jamestown, virginia: 1607 ← helped with the future US

an example of a preoccupied war in france?

roman catholics vs protestant huguenots

st bartholomew day

more than 10,000 huguenots, men, women, children were murdered in cold blood

edict of nantes

issued by crown, granted limited toleration to french protestants

who claimed canada for france?

jacques cartier

how old was a person when they dominated france?

5 years old

who established quebec in canada?

samuel de chaplain (father of new france)

what was chaplain once was?

spy

compared to the english, what kind of relationships did french have with the natives

solid & great alliances with the natives except the iroquois at some time

who favored caribbean island more than canada?

french government

what was a valuable resource in new france (canada)?

beaver

what is also called runners of risk

coureurs de bois (runners of the woods)

who recruited indians into the fur business?

paddle swinging, singing french voyageurs

what are the ways that europeans wrecked indian traditional ways?

• slaughtering beavers

• exposure to alcohol

where did the french trappers & indian partners pursue the beaver over amazing distances?

huge arc across the great lakes, into present day saskatchewan & manitoba, along platte valleys, arkansas, missouri, rockies & south from/to the border of spanish texas

what was a consequence of pursuing the beaver?

caused incalculable ecological damage

who went on a converting mission for the indians?

french catholic missionaries

what was a major consequence to some of the jesuits?

unspeakable tortures

despite the major consequences, what was a good thing about the jesuits?

they played a vital role as geographes & explorers

who else preferred empire?

some other french explorers

antoine cadillas

founded detroit “city of straits”, 1701

who checked spanish penetration of the gulf of mexico?

robert la salle

what did robert la salle do to check spanish penetration?

floated down mississippi in 1682

what did robert name the interior basin?

“lousiana” after louis XIV

who failed to find the mississippi delta?

robert la salle, came back with a colonizing expedition of 4 ships

where else did robert land & what happened to him?

landed instead in spanish texas, murdered by his own men 1687

where else did colonizers plant several posts in the US?

several posts in mississippi & lousiana, notable one is new orleans (1718)

where was the “garden” of frances north american empire?

fertile illinois country: at kaskaskia, cahokia & Vincennes

what floated on crude barges down the mississippi?

grain

where did the transshipment of grain head to?

west indies & europe

how was the size of the french population in the new world?

relatively small

what did french peasants believe colonies were?

cold & dangerous

where did louis XIV have his focus on for his french domination?

Europe

who did the french rely on for trade & military assistance?

their native american neighbors/relationships

what did the native americans use to their advantage in their trade relationships with the europeans?

exploited europeans by negotiating, trading & politicking europeans

who enjoyed new world wealth?

spain

what did spain found on the florida coast?

the 1st permanent european settlement, st augustine

what else did the spanish establish?

colony of new mexico

what were florida & new mexico centers of?

missionary

what were the europeans not interested in in the first half of the century?

little interest in overseas colonies

king henry VIII did what in the 1530s?

broke roman catholic church

what was a consequence of king henry VIII breaking the roman catholic church?

launched the english protestant reformation

what were two direct consequences when protestant elizabeth took the throne in 1558?

• protestantism becomes dominant in england

• protestantism vs catholic spain intensifies

what did elizabeth troops do to an irish uprising?

crushed them with terrible ferocity

what else did elizabeth do to the irish?

planted irish with new scottish protestant landlords in england

what was a major result of elizabeth crushing the irish uprising?

resulted in centuries old religions, conflicts still in present day ireland, brought with them to the new world

two goals english buccaneers sought?

• protestantism

• plunder

how did these english buccaneers seek these goals?

seized spanish treasure ships, raiding spanish settlements

sir francis drake

looted ships & filled his ship with a bunch of gold

why did newfoundland, the first sign of english colonization collapse?

because sir humphrey gilbert died 1583

who followed in sir gilberts footsteps?

his half brother, sir walter raleigh

what did sir walter raleigh do, following sir gilberts footsteps?

organized an expedition landed him in north carolinas roanoke island 1585

what happened to the natives of roanoke?

they mysteriously vanished

was english better than spainin terms of colonization? (true/false)

false, spain was better

what led to the demise of the spanish and their massive empire?

the defeat of the spanish armada, and sowing seeds in its own decline, england would then catch up

who brought about the golden age of literature?

william shakespeare

what else did william shakespeare do?

made occasional poetical references to english ameircan colonies

what were the english seized by?

restlessness, curiosity & adventure

when did england and spain sign a peace treaty?

1604

(true/false) england was not burdened with a “surplus population”

false

(true/false) present day london holds 2x as many people as did all england in 1600

true

primogeniture laws:

only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates

joint stock companies

forerunner of modern corporation

what were some benefits that bloomed from a weak spain?

population growth, unemployment, thirst for adventure, markets, religious freedom, joint stock companies provided the financial means

(true/false) gold was a strong motive in exploration

true

charter

significant document in american history

where did virginia company ships land for indians to attack them?

chesapeake bay

(yes/no) early jamestown was a nightmare

yes

what did the jamestown settlers do that resulted in their downfall?

hunted for gold, not provisions

john smith

mediary between native americans & virginians

what happened when early colonizers were about to go back?

they met a new ship with new people & a new leader, that leader imposed harsh actions on indians

what did disease do to the virginian settlers?

ate them up

who had immense power in native americans?

powhatan

who used “irish tactics” against indians?

de la warr

first anglo-powhatan war

raided indian villages, burned houses, confiscated provisions & torched cornfields

who was the first interracial couple in virginia?

john rolfe and pocahantas

why were the natives pushed even farther to the western side?

because they got mad and revolted and the europeans revolted back

second anglo-powhatan war

indians made a last effort to dislodge the virginians

what happened to the native indians in virginia after the second anglo powhatan war?

turned them extinct, drove a big wedge between indians & english

three d’s:

disease, disorganization & disposability

either way, indians were still disposable. why is that?

not very helpful to the settlers in any other way

who rebelled against catholic spain with the help of protestant england and won with independence?

dutch in the netherlands

who became a leading colonial power?

dutch republic

was it dutch east india or dutch west india that was more powerful?

dutch east india

brazil

booming activity for dutch in new world

what replaced new amsterdam?

new york city after the duke of york

(true/false) previous NY governors appointed were good people

false

amsterdam attracted refugees yes or no?

yes, attracted jews and refugees from catholic brazil

(true/false) in New York, there was only one spoken tongue

false

who was the american colonial game between?

dutch, new england & sweden

what happened to dutchs small military expedition

resulted in main fort falling

who was called “father wooden leg” by the indians?

peter stuyvesant

(true/false) new sweden made a large impact on american colonies

false, they made a mark on delaware, swedish names in that state

who was in the shadows of english northern colonies?

dutch

england has control over ___?

new york

(yes/no) new york attracts colonial families

yes

where else did dutch have impact on?

middle colonies