UTA Microbiology Final

Bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes arose ____ yrs ago

2.9 billion

Which one is not a cause of infectious death worldwide?

Ebola

____is the most infectious microbe caused through non-human-to-human transmission, while____ is the most infectious microbe caused by human-to-human transmission

Malaria;measles

What is the only eradicated disease in the world

Small pox

Which choice below lists emerging diseases?

HIV, SARS, Lassa fever

Species that are in the same ___ are more closely related than species that are only in the same ____.

Family;order

The first person to use a microscope to observe living cells was ____?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following organisms shows the proper use of binomial nomenclature?

Escherichia coli

All of the following are considered eukaryotes except ___.

Archea Bacteria

Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of

bioremediation

Helminths are ____

parasitic worms

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ___

A specific microbe is the cause of infectious disease

Sterile refers to ___.

absence of any life forms and viral particles

The curve in Pasteur's swan neck flasks was important because ____.

It trapped microbes that otherwise would have entered the flask

One nucleotide contains one___

Pentose sugar

Phosphate

Nitrogen base

What bond results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

Polar covalent bond

You have a solution of pH 6. What is the hydroxide ion concentration [OH-]?

10-8 M

Which statement is true of all ions that are cations?

The ion has more protons than electrons

You have 2 beakers; one contains pure water, the other contains a hydrocarbon solution (nonpolar). You pour table salt (NaCl) into each beaker. Predict what will happen. *NaCl is an ionic compound

NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in hydrocarbon solution

like dissolves like water is polar

The atomic number of sulfur is 16. What would be the valence number of electrons in an atom of sulfur?

6

The atomic number of sulfur is 16. What is the bonding capacity of sulfur?

2

Hydrogen bonds ___.

Result from attractive forces between molecules with polar covalent bonds

Ionic compounds ____.

Are hydrophilic

Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound in which it is typically contained?

Phosphate - carbohydrates

Which of the following have glycosidic bonds?

Polysaccharides

All of the following are lipids except ___.

Starch

its a carbohydrate

An amino acid contains all of the following except a/n ___.

Phosphate

What type of bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis between adjacent amino acids?

Peptide

The alpha helix is a type of ____ protein structure.

Secondary

A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. Which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?

Nitrogen and phosphorus

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?

Adenine (purine)

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Glucose (monomer)

The five I's of studying microorganisms include all of the following except ___.

Infection

The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is ___.

Inoculation

A pure culture contains ___.

Only one identified species of microorganism

Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?

Pour plate

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a/an

Red algae

A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified and their precise concentrations known and reproducible, is termed

Synthetic

MSA agar favors the growth of Gram positive bacteria, while inhibiting the growth of Gram negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus produce yellow colonies when growing on MSA agar, while Staphylococcus epidermis grows pink. This agar is ___.

Selective and differential

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?

The culture is contaminated

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed ___.

Fastidious

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the Escherichia coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

The culture medium must be selective

Fluorescence microscopy uses a smaller wavelength of light compared to a light microscope. This results in ___.

Better resolution

____ magnifies the specimen to produce a real image of the specimen, while ___ magnifies the specimen to produce the virtual image of the specimen.

Objective lens, ocular lens

If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?

95X

6.5% NaCl broth favors the growth of Gram positive organisms, while inhibiting the growth of Gram negative organisms, this media is

Selective

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is ____?

Dark-field

Which type of the following is not a differential stain based on the information below?

Methylene blue stain - one stain

Peptidoglycan makes up more than 50% of a ____ cell wall.

Gram-positive

Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution?

Electron Microscope - 2 nm resolution

Protists include

Algae and protozoa

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

Tetrad

In humans, helminths generally infect the ____?

Digestive tract

Which of the following is mismatched?

Tenericutes- waxy acid fast walls

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

Photosynthesis

Infectious protein particles are called____.

Prions

Protozoan cells do not exhibit____.

A cell wall

1. Match the term to the type of flagella presence on bacterial cells:

1-b, 2-a, 3-c

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cells ____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's ______.

Nucleus, cytoplasm

The ____ stain id used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.

Acid fast

Which of the following is not associated with every virus?

Envelope

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during ______.

Release

A naked virus only has a/n ______.

Nucleocapsid

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane.

Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called?

Viroids

Which of the following is mismatched?

Thermoplasmas- adapted to frozen environments.

Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are ______.

Chronic latent viruses

All of the following are helminths except ____.

Trypanosomes

Host range is limited by _____.

Type of host cell receptors on cell membrane

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temp but will grow as mold at another temp are called?

Dimorphic

Which of the following is mismatched?

Plasmids-Contain genes essential for growth and metabolism

One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a/n_____ capsid

Icosahedral

The long thread like branching cells of molds are called?

Hyphae

Chitin is a chemical component of the cells walls of____?

Fungi

The correct sequence of events in viral mutation is _____.

Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release

The activation of a prophage is called?

Induction

A nutrient binds to receptors near the basal body. This will result in____.

Counterclockwise rotation of flagella

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the _____.

Nucleolus

Viruses with ____ -sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with ____-sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message.

Positive, Negative

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of _____.

Gram Negative bacteria

A bacterial cell call that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _____.

Gram Positive

An irregular cluster of spherical cells is termed ____ while a chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a ______.

Staphylococcus, streptobacillus

Viral capsids are made from subunits called ______.

Capsomeres

The function of bacterial endospores is______.

Protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.

Viral nucleic acid types include______.

All of the above are correct- Single stranded RNA/ Double stranded RNA/Single strand DNA/Double strand DNA

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called_____.

Periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

The most immediate result of destruction of a cells ribosome would be______.

Protein synthesis would stop

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _____.

Trophozite

In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations; scattered in the _____and on the surface of _____.

Cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following contains DNA?

Nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria

The two functions of bacterial appendages are_____.

Attachment and mobility

What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage?

Temperate

Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in the ___ , while larval development of helminths occurs in _____.

Transport host, primary host

The bacterial flagellum has 3 parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment. They are _____.

Basal body, hook, and filament

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible, thread like mass called the _____

Chromatin

Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called______.

Bacteriophages

Which organelle makes ATP for the cell?

Mitochondria

Satellite viruses are______.

Dependent on other viruses for replication

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called_____.

Saprobes

All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except____.

Located between the capsid and nucleic acid.