Bio 1201 Chapter 14

Alternative versions of genes found at the same gene locus?

alleles

Homologous chromosomes are from?

and contain?

mom and dad

alleles

Alleles may be?

identical or different

Alleles are formed by ?

mutations

Carry the same allele at a given gene locus?

homozygous or true breeding

Carry different alleles at given locus?

heterozygous or hybrid

What predicts offspring genotypes and phenotypes form combinations of parental gametes?

punnett square method

Uppercase letter?

Lowercase letter?

dominant

recessive

How were the principles of inheritance discovered?

experiments with edible pea plants

Male structures that produce pollen?

stamens

Pollen contains?

sperm

Sperm are?

gametes

Female structures housing the ovaries that produce eggs?

carpels

Pea Flower petals enclose __ and ___ which prevents entry of __ from another pea plant.

male and female parts

pollen

Because of their structure, pea flowers naturally?

self-fertilize

Mate 2 different plants by?

cross-fertilization

The mating of pollen and eggs form same or different parents?

genetic cross

Parents used in a cross?

parental generation P

offspring of P generate are?

1st filial generation F1

Offspring of F1 generation are ?

2nd filial generation F2

Particular combination of the 2 alleles carried by an individual?

genotype

Physical expression of the genotype?

phenotype

Used to deduce whether an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous?

test cross

two X chromosomes?

females

X chromosome & Y chromosome?

males

non-sex chromosomes that occur in identical pairs?

autosomes

When the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes?

incomplete dominance

Hair texture is an example of ?

incomplete dominance

Hair texture is influenced by a gene with 2 incompletely dominant alleles?

C1 C2

C1 C1?

curly hair

C2 C2

straight hair

C1 C2

wavy hair

An individual may have at most?

2 different gene alleles

A species may have?

multiple alleles for a given characteristic

Human blood types is an example of?

co-domiance

The three alleles in the blood system?

A, B , o

Human blood group genes produce?

A, B, AB, O

A and B are NOT dominant to each other but they are both dominant to ?

O

Enzymes that add different sugar molecules to the ends of glycoproteins that protrude from RBC?

A & B

Nonfunctional enzyme that does not add any sugar molecules?

O

When heterozygotes express the phenotypes of both homozygotes?

codominance

What causes RBC that bear foreign glycoproteins to clump together and rupture?

antibodies

What demonstrates the effect of environment on phenotype?

Siamese new born kittens

Sex-linked means controlled by the?

X-chromosome

Sex-linked diseases are more common in?

Why?

Males

b/c of only 1 X and no other allele to exert dominance

The incorrect separation of chromosomes in meiosis?

nondisjunciton

Nondisjunction causes gametes to have?

too many or too few chromosomes