Us History 3.8-3.13 terms

Federalists

Supporters of the ratification

• Usually more wealthy & more edu

• wanted strong national gov

Constitutional Convention

Called together in Philly to amend the AOC. decided: GW would be the president, AOC was beyond repair

The Great Compromise (CT)

Roger Sherman of CT: two house congress,

• Senate: equal representation

• House of Representatives: Each state would be represented according to their population 

NJ Plan

William Paterson: equal representation

Virginia Plan

Madison: the larger the population the more reps

Anti-federalists

opposed to the ratification

• usually in debt farmers

• feared tyranny

• trusted local power

The Frederslist papers

 85 essays written to persuade state delegates to vote for ratification

Federalism

The way in wich government is divided between local, state and national

Separation of powers

Power to govern is divided among leguislatice, executive & Judicial to ensure no one gains more power than the other 

Checks and Balances

The ways in wich each branch checks the other to ensure that not one gains too much power over the other

Votes for ratification

9/13

Congress

Can make all laws “necessary & proper”, proportional to the population of the state (the legislative branch)

Senate

Upper house:

• 2 per state

• 6yr terms

• elected by legislature

• 30+ & citizen for 9 yrs 

House of Representatives

 At least 1 per state, based on population

• 2yr terms

• elected by voters

• 25+ & citizen for 7yrs

Three-Fiths Compromise

By James Madison stated that ⅗ of enslaved in a state would be counted for representation & taxes

Commercial Compromise

N=gov to regulate trade  S= feared their slave supply SO..: fugitive slaves would be returned

Electoral college system

part of the presidency compromise where the electoral college is = to reps of the state and they vote for the president

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments in the constitution listing the peoples rights

Whiskey Rebellion

Uprising of farmers in Peen challenged federal authority → Washington calling 3 state militia to assemble & put down making for an immediate put down (demonstrates the strength of the constitution)

Hamilton’s Financial program

1) Pay off the national debt with state debts

2) high taxes on imported goods

3) Crate a National Bank

National Bank

 deposits gov funds and prints banknotes that would make the basis for US currency 

Alexander Hamilton

secretary of treasury and federalist leader

James Madison

contributed to the ratification of the constitution & the writing of the federalist paper alongside Hamilton & John Jay

Supreme Court

the highest court under the constitution

Cabinet

advisors who the president meets with for advice

Secretary of State

Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of treasury

Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of War

Henry Knox

attorney General

Edmund Randolph

Judiciary act of 1789

established a Supreme Court: 1 chief justice + 5 associate justices. Making the highest court. + made a system of 13 district courts & 3 circuit courts of appeals

Federalist Party

Led by Hamilton wanted strong National Gov

Democratic-Republican Party

Led by Jefferson wanted a limited gov believed in local authority & individual rights 

Two term Tradition

Started by Washington and became official after Roosevelt

John Adam’s

2nd President had the xyz affair & alien & sedition acts

Washington’s farewell address

• Don't get involved in European affairs

• Don't make permanent alliances in foreign affairs 

• Don't from political parties

Alien & Sedition Acts

Naturalization Act, Alien Acts, Sedition act

Naturalization Act

Increased the 5 yrs to 14 yrs required for immigrants to qualify for US citizenship

Alien Acts

Gave authority to the president to deport aliens considered dangerous & detain enemy aliens in time of war

Sedition act

made it illegal for newspapers to criticize the president or Congress and imposed fines or imprisonment got the editors who violated the law  

Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions

In response to the alien & sedition acts K: Jefferson V:Madison BOTH stated that the states entered a compact (if any act of the fed gov broke the compact a state could nullify the fed law)

Public Land Act 1789

established orderly procedures for dividing & selling federal land at ok prices

Proclamation Of Neutrality 1793

In response to european wars washington did not see the country in a position for war making him announce that the US was neutral 

Jay’s Treaty 1794

John Hay was sent to discuss British post in the US & the seizing of US ships + men: GB would leave the post but nun abt seizing was mentioned this angered the US people

Pinckney Treaty of 1795

Treaty with Spain where they would open lower Mississippi to New Orleans for US trade Spain also accepted Us claims in Florida

XYZ Affair

The french seized US ships and the people-> US delegates wanted to negotiate but 3 undercover french demanded money before they could negotiate

Right of Deposit

part of pickneys treaty where the US could transfer cargos into New Orleans without paying taxes to the Spanish

Indian Intercourse Act

put the fed gov in control of all legal actions with NA. 

• Only them (not the states) could buy NA land 

• Regulate trade & Traveling

Battle of Fallen Timbers

gov force defeated the NA confederation 

Britain had closed their ties with the NA after the revolution

Treaty of Greenville

The NA surrendered their claims to the Ohio Territory & promised to open their settlement

Eli Whitney

Invented the Cotton

Cotton gin

made the growth of cotton profitable-> higher demand for slaves