AP Supreme Court Review

Which article of the constitution sets up the judiciary

3

Define Federal Judiciary

Branch of the federal gov. whose role is to interpret the laws of the nation

Hamilton calls the judiciary the “least dangerous branch” in which Federalist paper

No. 78

What is meant by judicial independence

Justices being impartial and united to any one person or interest

How many states elect justices

38

Who appoints all federal judges

the president

Where are all federal judicial appointments confirmed?

the senate

What is original jurisdiction

hearing a case firsthand

What is the term for cases being heard on appeal?

Appellate Jursidiction

Which type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have?

Both original and appellate

Which branch sets up the lower federal courts?

Congress

The argument was made in what document that a powerful judiciary would diminish states rights?

Brutus no. 11

Which branch did Hamilton say has the power of purse?

Congress

What was the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1789?

Set up lower courts

How is the number of Supreme Court Justices set?

By Congress

Who nominates federal judges?

President

What are the constitutional requirements for being a federal judge?

none

Who was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

John Jay

Which Chief Justice expanded the power of the Supreme Court?

John Marshall

What year was the first time a presidential election went to the House?

1800

Which amendment separated the votes for President and Vice president?

12th amendment

What was the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1801?

Expand the number of federal judges

Which Chief Justice served the longest?

Marshall

Which case established judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

What type of remedy did the plaintiffs in the Marbury case want carried out?

Writ of Mandamus

Judicial review was based on which Federalist Paper?

Federalist no. 78

Define criminal law

category of law covering actions determined to harm the community

What type of law covers cases involving private rights and relationships between individuals and groups?

Civil Law

Which type of court handles most of cases in the United States?

State Courts

Which type of federal court has only original jurisdiction?

District Courts

There are how many district courts?

94

There are how many courts of appeals

13

Originally the Supreme Court had how many justices?

6

What type of cases are heard by the Supreme Court?

Both original and appelate

When does the term of the Supreme Court begin?

First Monday in October

Approximately how many cases are appealed to the Supreme Court each year?

8,000

What is meant by stare decisis?

let the decision stand

Define precedent

Acts as a basis for future decisions or similar situations

What is meant by the rule of four?

4 justices must agree to hear a case for it to be put on the docket

What does the Supreme Court issue when they decide to hear a case?

Writ of Certorari

What types of briefs are often submitted by interest groups?

Amicus Curiae Briefs

What is majority opinion?

Binding Supreme Court opinions, which serve as precedent

Which type of written opinion agrees with the majority opinion, but for different reasons?

Concurring opinion

Which type of opinion is written in disagreement with the majority?

Disserting opinion

What is judicial restraint?

Philosophy that justices should be cautious in overturning laws

What is the philosophy of constitutional interpretation that justices should wield the power of judicial review, sometimes creating bold new policies?

Judicial activism

The concept of protecting minority rights in generally associated with what type of judicial philosophy?

Activism

Which Supreme Court decision did Andrew Jackson defy?

Worchester v. Georgia

Name three checks on the Supreme Court

1. President appoints and senate confirms

2. Congress sets size and jurisdiction

3. Laws by congress, implementation

Define implementation

Carrying out court decisions