Chapter 12

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

What is gene expression on a molecular level?

1 / 20

21 Terms

1

What is gene expression on a molecular level?

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins.

New cards
2

Why is gene expression important?

Proteins play a crucial role in the structure, function, and regulation of cells, impacting traits and overall physiology.

New cards
3

What are proteins' primary functions in organisms?

Proteins are involved in nearly all cellular processes, including catalyzing reactions and regulating cellular functions.

New cards
4

How does gene expression affect an organism's phenotype?

Many traits result from protein activity, making gene expression directly impact an organism’s phenotype.

New cards
5

What occurs during the initiation stage of transcription?

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region on DNA, unwinding the DNA and starting RNA synthesis.

New cards
6

What happens during the elongation stage of transcription?

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by adding complementary RNA nucleotides as it moves along the DNA.

New cards
7

What signals the termination of RNA synthesis?

RNA synthesis stops when RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal, releasing the RNA transcript.

New cards
8

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, with RNA undergoing processing such as splicing.

New cards
9

Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes?

Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, with RNA being immediately translated without processing.

New cards
10

What are codons?

Sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that code for specific amino acids.

New cards
11

Why are codons significant?

Codons are the basic unit of the genetic code and direct protein synthesis during translation.

New cards
12

What is the role of mRNA in translation?

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

New cards
13

What does tRNA do during translation?

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, matching codons in mRNA with anticodons on tRNA.

New cards
14

What is the function of the ribosome in translation?

The ribosome facilitates the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

New cards
15

How does the ribosome utilize the mRNA sequence?

The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and sequentially adds corresponding amino acids to form a protein.

New cards
16

What are conserved genes?

Genes that remain unchanged across species due to their essential functions.

New cards
17

How is a phylogenetic tree constructed?

A phylogenetic tree is constructed by comparing conserved gene sequences across different species.

New cards
18

What do nodes represent in a phylogenetic tree?

Nodes represent the last common ancestor of the branches stemming from that node.

New cards
19

What does the proximity of branches in a phylogenetic tree indicate?

The closer two species' branches are, the more recent their common ancestor, indicating a closer evolutionary relationship.

New cards
20

What is the role of processing in eukaryotic transcription?

RNA undergoes modifications such as splicing and the addition of a cap and tail before translation.

New cards
21
New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 25 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 81 people
... ago
5.0(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 93 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22225 people
... ago
4.5(103)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (35)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (42)
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (63)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (24)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (35)
studied byStudied by 26 people
... ago
5.0(4)
flashcards Flashcard (199)
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(2)
robot