Psych Quiz 4

Moral model

Addiction is a matter of making poor choices that can lead to guilt and shame

Psychological model

Addiction stems from a psychological disturbance and is secondary to that disturbance

Who wrote the book addiction is a choice?

Jeffrey Schaler

Choice theory assertions

We are internally motivated by a never ending quest to fulfill our basic human needs of survival, love and belonging, power, Freedom, and fun

What happens when our basic needs are not satisfied?

We behave in ways that we believe will satisfy our needs

Do we have a choice regarding to how be behave?

We our responsible for our own choices, decisions, goals, and general degree of happiness in our lives

What is addiction?

A mental disorder characterized by compulsive consumption or behaviors despite negative consequences

What addiction is not?

• A choice

• A moral falling

• A matter of willpower

• A sign of weakness

U.S. Congress made what decision regarding addiction?

To Change the National institute on drug abuse to the national institute on disease of addiction

Self- regulation

Our ability to regulate behavior (For good or bad)

How many self regulation studies were there?

2

The Self- control Costs of fighting the temptation to drink study was conducted by who?

Muraven and shmueli , 2006

What happened is the Muraven and Shmueli self regulation study?

160 social drinkers alternately sniffed water and alcohol, after each trial the drinkers engaged in 2 self- control tasks: a handgrip and a self- stopping task

What did this study suggest?

This study suggests that being exposed to the sight and smell of alcohol and not drinking it requires self- control

Cloninger (1987)

• Novelty seeking

• Harm avoidance

• Reward dependence

Zuckerman (1983,1995)

found a link between high sensation seeking traits and drug experimentation

What is third variable cause?

A type of confounding in which a third variable leads to a mistaken casual relationship between two others

Correlation

A statistic that tells us how strongly a pair of variable are related and change together. It does not tell us the why and how behind the relationship but it just says the relationship

Causation

Indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of the other event

human rationality

A specific form of rationality focusing on the most efficient or cost- effective means to achieve a specific end, but not reflecting on the value of that end itself

Epistemic rationality

what we know and believe

Could addictive behavior ever be a rational choice?

Becker and Murphy (1988)

• benefits of usage were aligned with addict’s goals

• suggests that by increasing cost, usage would decrease

What is inhibition?

A voluntary or involuntary restraint on the direct expression of an instinct

Incentive- sensitization theory

begins with a distinction between ‘liking’ something and ‘wanting’ something