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Amendment
a change or addition to the terms of a contract or document
Freedom of the press
the right to publish and disseminate information, thoughts, and opinions without restraint or censorship as guaranteed under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Habeas corpus
a fundamental right in the Constitution that protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment
Enumeration
the listing of persons in that polling division during the enumeration period or, as the case may be, who are qualified
Peaceful assembly
the right to hold meetings, sit-ins, strikes, rallies, events or protests, both offline and online
Petition
a formal written request, typically one signed by many people, appealing to authority with respect to a particular cause
Militia
a military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency
Bear arms
right to possess or carry arms for personal self-defense
Quartered
the placement and/or sheltering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent
Searches and seizures
a law enforcement agent's examination of a person's home, vehicle, or business to find evidence that a crime has been committed.
Capital
a city where a region's government is located
Grand jury
decides whether there is sufficient evidence to justify a formal criminal charge against someone
Due process:private property
requires that when the federal government acts in a way that denies a citizen of a life, liberty, or property interest, the person must be given notice, the opportunity to be heard, and a decision by a neutral decision-maker.
Trial by jury
when facts of a case are presented to a jury, and they decide if the defendant is guilty or not of the charged offense
Cruel and unusual punishments
if the punishment is too harsh, it is cruel and unusual
Reserved powers
powers that are not specifically granted to the federal government by the constitution
Limited government
when the government has a limited amount of power, preventing it from doing too much
Separation of powers
powers of the government were divided so no one person had too much power
Doctrine
a stated principle of government policy, maily in foreign or military affairs
Interdependence
the dependence of two or more people or things on each other
Federalism
the federal principle or system of government
Supremacy clause
establishes that the federal constitution and federal law generally take precedence over state laws and even state constitutions
Individual rights
the rights needed by each individual to pursue their lives and goals without interference from other individuals.
Republic
a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
Public good
a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization
Liberty
the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views
Due Process
application by the state of all legal rules and principles pertaining to a case so all legal rights that are owed to a person are respected.
Private Property Rights
legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities
Ratification
the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid
Suffrage
the right to vote in electing public officials and adopting or rejecting proposed legislation.
Reconstruction
the act or process of rebuilding, repairing, or restoring something
Preamble
the introductory part of a statute or deed, stating its purpose, aims, and justification.
Tranquility
the quality or state of being tranquil; calm.
Posterity
all future generations of people
Ordain
order or decree (something) officially
Constitution
a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed
Codified
arrange according to a plan or system
Legislative
legislative branch- having the power to make laws
Executive
executive branch- having the power to put plans, actions, or laws into effect. (veto/pass)
Judicial
judicial branch- includes the Supreme Court and other federal courts. It evaluates laws by: Interpreting the meaning of laws
Consent
permission for something to happen or agreement to do something
Popular sovereignty
government based on consent of the people
Virtue
the quality of being morally good
Social compact
an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection. Theories of a social contract became popular in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries among theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as a means of explaining the origin of government and the obligations of subjects.
Contract
enter into a formal and legally binding agreement, can be either written or spoken
Electors
a person who has the right to vote in an election
Note
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