4Q DRRR REVIEWER

Earthquake

An intense shaking of Earth’s surface. The shaking is caused by movements in Earth’s outermost layer

Faults

When the stresses get too large, they lead to cracks called ________.

Epicenter

The location where an earthquake begins is called the ______.

True

**(True/False)**

The vibrations from an earthquake can soil be felt and detected hundreds, or even thousands of miles away from the epicenter.

Seismic Waves

**(Earthquake Hazards)**

The energy from an earthquake travel through Earth in vibrations are called _______.

True

**(True/False)**

**Earthquake Hazards** refer to earthquake agent which have the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target which can either be humans, animals, or even your environment.

Landslide

**(Earthquake Hazards)**

When an earthquake occurs, the transmission of seismic waves can cause shaking and vibration of ground surface.

This open trigger the collapse of potential landslide areas, which is known as earthquake-induced _____.

Tsunami

**(Earthquake Hazards)**

It is a huge sea wave triggered by a violent displacement of the ocean floor. Underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or landslides can cause ________.

True

**(True/False)**

Earthquake motion can turn loosely packed water-saturated soil to liquid “**liquefaction**”.

It is caused by vibration or saturation with water which cause the soil to decrease in density.

**Fire**

**(Earthquake Hazards)**

Earthquake causes ___. Even moderate ground shaking can break gas and electric lines, sever fuel lines, and overturn stoves.

Viscosity

This is the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.

Lava Flow

**(VOLCANIC HAZARD)**

These are rivers of flowing or oozing molten rock that originate from an eruption vent. Lava is made up of crystals, volcanic glass, and bubbles.

Sulfur Dioxide (7%)

The mixture of gases released by volcanoes varies but, consists mainly of: Water Vapor (78%), Carbon Dioxide (12%), ________, Other gases (3%).

**Ballistic Projectiles**

**(VOLCANIC HAZARDS)**

Fragments of solid (blocks) or fluid (bombs) material ejected during the range of magmatic or phreatic (steam) explosive eruptions.

**Ashfall or Tephra Fall**

**(VOLCANIC HAZARDS)**

These are pieces of all fragments of rock ejected into the air by an erupting volcano.

Lahar

**(VOLCANIC HAZARDS)**

A hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley.

**Volcanic Landslide**

**(VOLCANIC HAZARDS)**

When large sections of volcanic edifices collapse ____ are formed that quickly transform into debris avalanches that can rapidly travel up to tens of kilometers away from their source.

Tsunami

**(VOLCANIC HAZARDS)**

A series of enormous ocean waves caused by earthquakes, underwater landslides, volcanic eruptions or asteroids.

Lightning

**(NATURAL CAUSES OF FIRE)**

Strikes any combustible material which can set trees on fire that might eventually result to forest fire or wildfire. This is the most common natural cause of fire.

**Spontaneous combustion**

**(NATURAL CAUSES OF FIRE)**

This happens when a hydrocarbon substance unexpectedly creates fire without apparent cause.

(Examples of are iron sulfide, plutonium and uranium.)

**(HUMAN-MADE CAUSES OF FIRE)**

Pots and pans can be overheated when a person gets distracted while cooking or leaves cooking unattended. This is the most common cause of housefire.

Candles

**(HUMAN-MADE CAUSES OF FIRE)**

Not actually a hazard but when left unattended it can easily burst into flames and cause fire.

Curious children

**(HUMAN-MADE CAUSES OF FIRE)**

Kids can sometimes cause fire out of curiosity, so they wanted to see what would happen if they set fire to an object.

Faulty wiring

**(HUMAN-MADE CAUSES OF FIRE)**

Homes with insufficient wiring can cause fires from electrical hazard. Signs that you can observe if you have faulty wirings are: lights dim if you use another appliance; for an appliance to work, you have to disconnect another; and fuse blow or trip the circuit breaker frequently.

Flammable liquids

**(HUMAN-MADE CAUSES OF FIRE)**

Petrol, kerosene or other methylated substances are the most common flammable liquids found at home that can cause fire if not properly stored. Always store in cool, dry place.

Lighting

**(HUMAN-MADE CAUSES OF FIRE)**

Lamp shades and light fittings can build heat if they are very close to light bulbs. Too much heat can eventually ignite the materials and result to fire incident.

P - PULL (PIN)

A - IM

S - QUEEZE

S - WEEP

There are four (4) basic steps for using modern portable fire extinguishers. **What are those?**