AP Psychology - People

Wilhelm Wundt

first psychology laboratory; structuralism

Stanley Hall

student of Wilhelm Wundt; worked with Wundt to create the first psychology lab

Edward Bradford Titchener

structuralism

William James

functionalism

Mary Whiten Calkin

should have been the first woman to get a PhD in psychology

Margaret Floy Washborn

was actually the first woman to get a PhD in psychology

John Locke

“tabula rasa”

Gazzaniga & Sperry

split brain experiment

David Hubel & Torsten Wiesel

feature detectors

Weber

Weber’s law

Young-Helmholtz

(Young-Helmholtz) trichromatic theory

Eleanor Gibson & Richard Walk

visual cliff experiment

Ivan Pavlov

classical conditioning

John B. Watson

behaviorism; classical conditioning; “Little Albert” experiment

B.F. Skinner

operant conditioning; Skinner box

Edward Thorndike

law of effect

John Garcia

taste-aversion

Robert Rescorla & Allan Wagner

predictability

Edward Chase Tolman

latent learning

Wolfgang Kohler

insight learning

Martin Seligman

learned helplessness

Julian Rotter

locus of control

Albert Bandura

modeling; bobo doll experiment

Richard Atkison & Richard Shiffrin

multi-store memory model

George Miller

humans can store 7 bits of information (give or take 2) in short-term memory

John Brandsford & Marcia Johnson

understanding and recall of information

Hermann Ebbighause

forgetting curve

Elizabeth Loftus

misinformation effect; source amnesia

Noam Chompsky

universal grammar; humans are born with built-in predisposition to learn grammar rules

Benjamin Lee Whorf

linguistic determinism

Bronca

language expression (speaking)

Wernicke

language reception (comprehension)

Charles Spearman

general intelligence (g); factor analysis

LL. Thurstone

primary mental abilities

Howard Gardner

8 intelligences (multiple intelligences)

K. Anders Ericsson

10 year rule

Robert Sternberg

3 intelligences (triarchic theory)

Daniel Goleman

emotional intelligence

Francis Galton

theorized that “natural ability” (intelligence) can be measured and could encourage those of high ability to mate with one another

Alfred Binet

created an intelligence test that measured each child’s mental age

Lewis Terman

Stanford-Binet

William Stern

intelligence quotient (IQ)

David Wechsler

Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

Carol Dweck

fixed mindset & growth mindset

Maslow

hierarchy of needs

William Masters & Virgina Johnson

sexual response cycle

Alfred Kinsey

sexual motivation

William James & Carl Lange

James-Lange theory

Walter B. Cannon & Philip Bard

Cannon-Bard theory

Stanley Schachter & Jerome Singer

two factor theory

Robert Zajonc & Joseph LeDoux

our emotional responses and cognitive responses do not always follow a specific pattern

Richard Lazarus

a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal

Paul Ekman

facial language for basic emotions is innate; 6 basic emotions

Hans Selye

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Friedman & Rosenman

type a and type b personalities

Kurt Lewin

motivational conflicts theory

Sigmund Freud

psychoanalysis; psychosexual stages; oedipus complex; fixation; defense mechanisms

Alfred Adler

psychodynamic theories; “the individual feels at home in life and feels his existence to be worthwhile just so far as he is useful to others and is overcoming feelings of inferiority (inferiority complex)"

Karen Horney

psychodynamic theories; “the view that women are infantile and emotional creatures, and as such, incapable of responsibility and independence is the work of the masculine tendency to lower women’s self-respect”

Carl Jung

psychodynamic theories; collective unconscious; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Hermann Rorschach

inkblot test

Carl Rogers

humanistic theories; 3 conditions for ideal growth; client-centered therapy & active listening

Hans Eysenck & Sybil Eysenck

believed that we can reduce many of our normal individual variations to 2 or 3 dimensions, including extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability

Albert Bandura

social-cognitive perspective

Abraham Maslow

humanistic theories; hierarchy of needs; self-actualization

Dorthea Dix

mental health treatment reformer; against locking and chaining up people with mental illnesses

Joseph Wolpe

exposure therapies

Mary Cover Jones

“Little Peter” counterconditioning experiment

Albert Ellis

rational-emotive behavior therapy

Aaron Beck

analyzed dreams of depressed people and sought to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves, their situations, and their futures