electrolytes & ABGs

Arrhythmias (Torsade de pointes-fatal rhythm)

Hypomagnesemia 

Muscle weakness

Hypermagnesemia  

Increased skeletal muscle action

Hypomagnesemia

causes vasodilation

Magnesium

Drug of choice in pre-eclampsia

Magnesium

muscle weakness, tremors, constipation

Hypophosphatemia

muscle tingling/cramps, hyperactive DTR

Hyperphosphatemia

Calcium, magnesium, aluminum bind to it and impair P absorption in GI

Phosphorous

muscle flacidity, weakness

hypercalcemia

tetany/spasm, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign

hypocalcemia

vasoconstrictor

calcium

Metabolic acidosis causes

Hyperkalemia

arrhythmias, tingling, confusion

Hyperkalemia

Metabolic Alkalosis causes

Hypokalemia

sinus bradycardia, arrythmia, postural hypotension, nausea, weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps

hypokalemia

headache, confusion, n/v

hyponatremia

cerebral hemorrhage

hypernatremia

Hypernatremia response

brain releases ADH

Hypovolemia response

kidneys release renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone

Hypervolemia response

baroreceptors in heart release ANP

brain NP comes from

ventricle

Aldosterone,

increased tubular reabsorption of Na and water

Diabetes insipidus

large amounts of dilute urine

SIADH

concentrated urine

ph control 1st response

chemical buffering

ph control 2nd response

respiratory response

ph control 3rd response

renal response

hco3 low, pH low

metabolic acidosis

hco3 high, pH high

metabolic alkalosis

Co2 high, ph low

respiratory acidosis

co2 low, ph high

respiratory alkalosis

Hco3 high, ph highish, O2 low

respiratory alkalosis compensation

Hco3 high, co2 high, ph lowish

respiratory acidosis compensation