chemistry solutions and dissolving process

solution

homogenous mixture (one visible phase) of 2 or more substances

solute

lesser amount

solvent

greater amount

homogenous solution

UNIFROM composition and properties throughout

• coffee, perfume, cough syrup

heterogenous

NON-UNIFORM composition and properties throughout

• oil and water, blood

supersaturated solution

more dissolved solute

• too much sugar

saturated solution

dissolved until unable to anymore

• just enough sugar

unsaturated solution

completely dissolves

• no sugar visible

concentration

ratio of solute to solvent

hydration

process of water molecules surrounding ions

aqueous solution

solute dissolved in WATER

non-aqueous

solute dissolved in solvent NOT WATER

• iodine in carbon tetrachloride

dissolving

solvent must be capable of being attracted to solvent (some ionic compounds WONT

• NaCl into H2O

disassociation

separation of ions form an ionic compound as it dissolves in water

miscible

liquids ABLE to mix to form a solution

immiscible

liquids UNABLE to mix to form a solution

solubility

amount of solvent to dissolve in given quantity solvent

golden rule

like dissolves like

• polar dissolves polar

surfacant

substances that encourage oil and water to mix

• hydroPHOBIC and hydroPHILIC part

• breaks down hydrogen bonds → reduce surface tension