ensc unit 3

energy and matter

closed system

closed system

earth as far as matter is concerned

open system

earth as far as energy is concerned

glass

unique substance that allows light to enter, but will not allow heat to escape

greenhouse effect

allows light to enter, but not allow heat to escape

light arriving at the surfave

warms the surface, then traps heat (global warming)

CO2

greenhouse gas in the atmosphere; when increased more heat is trapped

plants

producers; only living things that consume energy directly from the sun

sunlight

catalyst for photosynthesis

soil

agent for photosynthesis

photosynthesis equation

6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) —(sun)—> C6H12O6 (organic matter) + 6O2 (oxygen)

electromagnetic spectrum

all forms of energy that travel in waves (IMPORTANT ONES: infrared, visible, ultraviolet)

atom

smallest particle

protons

positively charged particles in the nucleus

electrons

negatively charged particles in the nucleus

neutrons

neutral particles everywhere beyond the nucleus

vaccums

energy can travel through empty spaces

air composition

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.03% CO2, 0.02% H2O

cell respiration

breaks down complex molecules found in organisms (humans/animals)

cell respiration equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

how to get rid of plastic

burn it (breaks the bonds)

water cycle

precipitation, runoff, groundwater, evaporation, condensation/transpiration

black

absorbs everything

white

reflects everything

why are plants green

they absorb every color except green

food chains/webs

show the flow of energy through living things

10% rule

divide by 10; 90% is LOST

trophic levels

producers - most, consumers, organisms (primary, secondary, apex - fewest), and decomposers

consumers

animals