Studied by 6 people
Couriers de bois
French men living with native
John Rolfe
Grew tobacco
Husband of Pocahontas
Maryland
came for free religion —> Lord Baltimore
Wanted to be able to practice being Catholic without being persecuted
Act of Tolerance (1649)
Only the christians are protected by the law
Free religion
No Jews, Muslims, animism, or slaves
Georgia
Founded by Philanthropy —> James Oglethorpe
Virginia
showed up late to the Americas compared to other European country
Poor people sent to Jamestown
Spanish Armada (1588)
tried to invade England but storm destroyed everything which made opportunity for England to go to Americas
1619
First time Africans came to Americas
Headright System
For every indentured servant a rich man brings, 25 acres more = more money because there’s more land
caused no middle class
African Culture in America
Vodun —> voodoo magic of giving spirit but in a shape of a cross (Christianity + Animism)
Creole languages —> mix of language
Gullah grew rice —> also able to conserve culture —> watermelon, peanuts, yams, peas, frying food, singing and rhythmic dance
Maroon Communities
running away (did not last long because it was harder to find good land to plant)
Communal living
Not a lot of food, no privacy, a lot of diseases
Bacon’s rebellion (1676)
Bacon persuaded poor to rebel because he wanted to be governor
Bacon dies from virus so without leader rebellion fails
African Slavery comes (strts) because they didn’t want another indentured servant rebellion.
House of Burgesses
Anglicization (England culture to America) created a mini parliament
Laws with Parliaments
Every wealthy man have a right to vote their parliament
Triangular Trade
North America to Europe to Africa and back to North America
Royal African Company
British company monopoly slave trade, but British wanted more companies for competition so they could lower prices for African slaves (for sugar).
Middle Passage
between Africa and North America
South Carolina
Used rice as cash crop and gave it to the Caribbean
European culture impacting Native Americans
European clothing
Alcoholic
Intimate relationships with French
Anglo-Powhatan Wars
tobacco was killing soil so europeans went inwards to Native land
English killed all of them
Powhatan tribe was pushed west, killed, or ran to other tribes
Pueblo Revolt
Natives wanted to speak their language, religion, clothing , and didn’t want to be raped.
Pope (leader) killed the priests first and killed all white people (Spanish moved out until after 12 years, they came back)
In order for not another rebellion, they turned a blind eye for syncretic faith.
Barbados Slave Code
Due to the imports of Africans there was more slaves than white citizens they made strict laws
White can’t marry slave = jail
White person killing slave = nothing
Christian slaves = still treated poorly
Everyone (African, no matter of age) = slavery
Illegal for education = don’t want them smart
No more than 10 slaves together = could plan for a rebellion.
Resistance
Runaway, work slow, play dumb, break tools
Stono Rebellion
1739 French spread rumors of being able to be free when gone to Florida
Slaves rose up killed owners and tried to flee to Florida
Did not succeed because white people ended up surrounding them and executing them.
Mayflower Compact
The agreement to work together, united through faith. (Pilgrims)
3 sisters farming
Corn, Ben’s hugging for, and squash at bottom to make soil humid
Reasons to Explore West
Wanted Asian goods
Mercantilism (competition between countries)
Religious conversion (wanted everyone to be Christian)
Colombian Exchange
New food —> potatoes, tomatoes, corn, pumpkin, and cacao
European population growth
European shift feudalism to capitalism
European tools of exploration
Marine time tech
Astrolabe
Lateen sail
Compass
Joint Stock companies
Colombian Exchange impact Natives
Many died but eventually population arises due to better nutrition
Encomienda
Labor system
Hacienda
The land where encomienda takes place
Presidios
To “protect” natives and jesuits in mission but in reality women were locked in and were raped by them
Caroline De las Casas
He saw natives as peaceful and loyal while he saw Europeans as vicious beasts.
Juan de Sepulveda
He saw Natives as beasts even considered them as Apes
French and Dutch
Had good relationships with Natives because they needed them for trade.
Usually traded furs (beaver, fox) and traded back with European clothing, alcohol, and weapons.
Maryland and Virginia were called
The Chesapeake
Plymouth
Was going to Virginia but was thrown off to Massachusetts (called pilgrims)
Mayflower Compact
Agreement to work together and being united
Massachusetts Bay (New England)
Puritans hate King Charles which led them to America
Johnathan Winthrop is their leader and made the speech City Upon a Hill
Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn and the Society of Friends
Also known as Quakers
Penn give out land in order for more ppl
A lot of Germans come and so do the Scottish
New York
New Amsterdam by the Dutch West Indian Company (befriended with the Iroquois and Pequot)
However they leave once Duke York comes
Blue Laws
Laws by Christianity
Rodger Williams
Kicked out of colony bc he thought English should be nice to the Natives.
Made Rhode Island (free religion, no tax church, and universal white man sufferage)
Middle Colony Economy
Cereal crops, oats, corn, barely, and rye
Sold to England and Caribbeans
Southern Colonies Economy
Cash crops of rice from Gullah Africans
Sent to Caribbean
Eras of America
Era of Benign and Neglect
Dominion of New England
Glorious Revolution
Era of Salutary
Dominion of New England
Brought Sir Edmund Androws and forced Navigation Act
Navigation Act
No making anything of material
Sell to England at cheap price
Resources need to be sold to England only
Colonies could not print own money
Glorious Revolution
King James the second is overthrown so Navigation Acts are gone
Era of Salutary
England doesn’t care about America agian
Pequot War
English and Natives ally and then Dutch and Pequot ally
Both invade Connecticut valley
English wipeout Pequot by surrounding their fort with guns and arrows while they made a fire from the inside
Beaver Wars
Huron had alliance with French which made Iroquois to want land too.
Iroquois started trading with Dutch with beavers. Iroquois moved further west into other territories for more beavers.
King Philip’s War (Chief Metacom)
Increased English population means more land invasion to the west (native land)
Irritated natives and King Phillip creates pan-Indians alliance and wipes out 1/3 of English.
However lost bc they were against too many English
New England’s participation in Slave Trade
Every colony participated
No beating bc they’re expensive but yes lashing, women slaves were raped
Slavery in Port Cities
Slaves are fed, sent to doctors, stripped naked, and separated
The Great Awakening
Ppl became less religious bc more East coast ppl were influenced by Enlightenment
Brought English preachers for emotional religion (created New Light)
George Whitefield
English preacher (joy and hope)
Formed Methodist and Baptist (appealed to poor ppl)
Jonathan Edward
Scare people back to church (Satan is with you)
Used fear and intimidation
Pluralism
Multi ethic/ religious societies
Note 
Flashcard (244)