AP US Unit 1 and 2

Couriers de bois

French men living with native

John Rolfe

Grew tobacco

Husband of Pocahontas

Maryland

came for free religion —> Lord Baltimore

Wanted to be able to practice being Catholic without being persecuted

Act of Tolerance (1649)

Only the christians are protected by the law

Free religion

No Jews, Muslims, animism, or slaves

Georgia

Founded by Philanthropy —> James Oglethorpe

Virginia

showed up late to the Americas compared to other European country

Poor people sent to Jamestown

Spanish Armada (1588)

tried to invade England but storm destroyed everything which made opportunity for England to go to Americas

1619

First time Africans came to Americas

Headright System

For every indentured servant a rich man brings, 25 acres more = more money because there’s more land

caused no middle class

African Culture in America

Vodun —> voodoo magic of giving spirit but in a shape of a cross (Christianity + Animism)

Creole languages —> mix of language

Gullah grew rice —> also able to conserve culture —> watermelon, peanuts, yams, peas, frying food, singing and rhythmic dance

Maroon Communities

running away (did not last long because it was harder to find good land to plant)

Communal living

Not a lot of food, no privacy, a lot of diseases

Bacon’s rebellion (1676)

Bacon persuaded poor to rebel because he wanted to be governor

Bacon dies from virus so without leader rebellion fails

African Slavery comes (strts) because they didn’t want another indentured servant rebellion.

House of Burgesses

Anglicization (England culture to America) created a mini parliament

Laws with Parliaments

Every wealthy man have a right to vote their parliament

Triangular Trade

North America to Europe to Africa and back to North America

Royal African Company

British company monopoly slave trade, but British wanted more companies for competition so they could lower prices for African slaves (for sugar).

Middle Passage

between Africa and North America

South Carolina

Used rice as cash crop and gave it to the Caribbean

European culture impacting Native Americans

European clothing

Alcoholic

Intimate relationships with French

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

tobacco was killing soil so europeans went inwards to Native land

English killed all of them

Powhatan tribe was pushed west, killed, or ran to other tribes

Pueblo Revolt

Natives wanted to speak their language, religion, clothing , and didn’t want to be raped.

Pope (leader) killed the priests first and killed all white people (Spanish moved out until after 12 years, they came back)

In order for not another rebellion, they turned a blind eye for syncretic faith.

Barbados Slave Code

Due to the imports of Africans there was more slaves than white citizens they made strict laws

1. White can’t marry slave = jail

2. White person killing slave = nothing

3. Christian slaves = still treated poorly

4. Everyone (African, no matter of age) = slavery

5. Illegal for education = don’t want them smart

6. No more than 10 slaves together = could plan for a rebellion.

Resistance

Runaway, work slow, play dumb, break tools

Stono Rebellion

1739 French spread rumors of being able to be free when gone to Florida

Slaves rose up killed owners and tried to flee to Florida

Did not succeed because white people ended up surrounding them and executing them.

Mayflower Compact

The agreement to work together, united through faith. (Pilgrims)

3 sisters farming

Corn, Ben’s hugging for, and squash at bottom to make soil humid

Reasons to Explore West

• Wanted Asian goods

• Mercantilism (competition between countries)

• Religious conversion (wanted everyone to be Christian)

Colombian Exchange

• New food —> potatoes, tomatoes, corn, pumpkin, and cacao

• European population growth

• European shift feudalism to capitalism

European tools of exploration

Marine time tech

• Astrolabe

• Lateen sail

• Compass

Joint Stock companies

Colombian Exchange impact Natives

Many died but eventually population arises due to better nutrition

Encomienda

Labor system

Hacienda

The land where encomienda takes place

Presidios

To “protect” natives and jesuits in mission but in reality women were locked in and were raped by them

Caroline De las Casas

He saw natives as peaceful and loyal while he saw Europeans as vicious beasts.

Juan de Sepulveda

He saw Natives as beasts even considered them as Apes

French and Dutch

Had good relationships with Natives because they needed them for trade.

Usually traded furs (beaver, fox) and traded back with European clothing, alcohol, and weapons.

Maryland and Virginia were called

The Chesapeake

Plymouth

Was going to Virginia but was thrown off to Massachusetts (called pilgrims)

Mayflower Compact

Agreement to work together and being united

Massachusetts Bay (New England)

Puritans hate King Charles which led them to America

Johnathan Winthrop is their leader and made the speech City Upon a Hill

Pennsylvania

Founded by William Penn and the Society of Friends

Also known as Quakers

Penn give out land in order for more ppl

A lot of Germans come and so do the Scottish

New York

New Amsterdam by the Dutch West Indian Company (befriended with the Iroquois and Pequot)

However they leave once Duke York comes

Blue Laws

Laws by Christianity

Rodger Williams

Kicked out of colony bc he thought English should be nice to the Natives.

Made Rhode Island (free religion, no tax church, and universal white man sufferage)

Middle Colony Economy

Cereal crops, oats, corn, barely, and rye

Sold to England and Caribbeans

Southern Colonies Economy

Cash crops of rice from Gullah Africans

Sent to Caribbean

Eras of America

Era of Benign and Neglect

Dominion of New England

Glorious Revolution

Era of Salutary

Dominion of New England

Brought Sir Edmund Androws and forced Navigation Act

Navigation Act

No making anything of material

Sell to England at cheap price

Resources need to be sold to England only

Colonies could not print own money

Glorious Revolution

King James the second is overthrown so Navigation Acts are gone

Era of Salutary

England doesn’t care about America agian

Pequot War

English and Natives ally and then Dutch and Pequot ally

Both invade Connecticut valley

English wipeout Pequot by surrounding their fort with guns and arrows while they made a fire from the inside

Beaver Wars

Huron had alliance with French which made Iroquois to want land too.

Iroquois started trading with Dutch with beavers. Iroquois moved further west into other territories for more beavers.

King Philip’s War (Chief Metacom)

Increased English population means more land invasion to the west (native land)

Irritated natives and King Phillip creates pan-Indians alliance and wipes out 1/3 of English.

However lost bc they were against too many English

New England’s participation in Slave Trade

Every colony participated

No beating bc they’re expensive but yes lashing, women slaves were raped

Slavery in Port Cities

Slaves are fed, sent to doctors, stripped naked, and separated

The Great Awakening

Ppl became less religious bc more East coast ppl were influenced by Enlightenment

Brought English preachers for emotional religion (created New Light)

George Whitefield

English preacher (joy and hope)

Formed Methodist and Baptist (appealed to poor ppl)

Jonathan Edward

Scare people back to church (Satan is with you)

Used fear and intimidation

Pluralism

Multi ethic/ religious societies