Visible light is a type of electromagnetic radiation or radiant energy
Speed of light is 2.998 × 10^8
All electromagnetic radiation move at the speed of light
The number of wavelengths (distance between crest/trough and the next crest/trough) completed is the frequency
Blackbody radiation is the emission of light from hot objects
Photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a metal surfaces on which light shines
Emission spectra is the emission if light from electronically excited gas atoms
E(energy)=h(planks constant)v(frequency)
Planck’s theory states that matter can only absorb or emit heat in the multiples of hv
A photon has work function energy (minimum energy needed to kick off an electron)
Increasing the intensity of light does not lead to the emission of electrons; only increasing the frequency can kick off electrons.
A spectrum containing radiation of only one specific wavelength is called line spectrum
Bohr’s Model:
Only orbits of a certain radii are permitted fir the electron in a hydrogen atom
An electron permitted orbit is in an allowed energy state
Energy is emitted or absorbed by the electron only as the electron changes from one allowed energy level to another
Lower the energy, the more stable the atom is
When △E is positive the photon is absorbed
*Bohr model only works for hydrogen *
Two main takeaways of the Bohr model:
1. electrons exist only in certain discrete energy levels
The radiation can either have a wave like behavior or a particle like behavior
An electron moving about the nucleus of an electron behaves like a wave and therefore has a wavelength
wave functions describe the electron in an atom
probability density or the electron density is the probability that an electron will be found at that location
each orbital has a characteristic shape and energy
s orbital is the lowest energy orbital-- it is spherically symmetrical-1
p orbital-3
d and f orbitals-5
Electron spin: causes each electron to spin individually around its axis
Electron configurations correlate to their location on the periodic table
4s is filled before 3d
Can write the noble gas before in [ ]
half full shell is more stable; full shell is the most stable