GMAS Midterm Review

These flashcards cover major topics and concepts from the GMAS Midterm Review lectures on infection control, vital signs, physical examination, patient coaching, nutrition, and phlebotomy.

What is the key concept of the Chain of Infection regarding Infectious Agents?

The exact organism type must be identified to choose the correct disinfectant or PPE.

Name an example of a virus and its transmission type.

COVID-19, which is transmitted airborne and through droplets.

What are the primary modes of transmission for infections?

Direct (e.g., kissing, sexual contact) and Indirect (e.g., droplets, vectors).

What defines an Acute infection and give two examples.

An Acute infection has a rapid onset (<14 days), with examples like influenza and gastroenteritis.

What is the difference between Chronic and Latent infections?

Chronic infections last months to years (e.g., hepatitis B), whereas Latent infections, like herpes simplex, become active under stress or illness.

What body defense mechanism prevents bacterial growth?

The skin’s acidic pH.

What does Medical Asepsis aim to achieve?

It reduces microbial load, using methods like alcohol rubs and cleaning surfaces.

How is a pulse deficit identified?

By comparing apical pulse with radial pulse, indicating potential atrial fibrillation or weak peripheral perfusion.

What is an appropriate procedure for taking blood pressure?

Ensure that the cuff width is 40% of the arm circumference and the bladder encircles 80% of the arm.

What is the normal range for BMI classification of being Underweight?

A BMI less than 18.5.

What should you do to ensure accurate pulse oximetry readings?

Remove nail polish and ensure hands are warm to avoid false low readings.

What is OLDCARTS in medical history taking?

It stands for Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Treatments tried, Severity.

What are the responsibilities of a Medical Assistant regarding patient examinations?

Ensure exam table paper is changed, sharps containers are not overfilled, and document immediately.

What is Kussmaul’s respiration associated with?

Deep, rapid breathing indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis.

What nutrients provide the highest energy content per gram?

Fat, providing 9 kcal/g.

What is the purpose of a gluten-free diet?

It is required for celiac disease, not optional.

When performing a venipuncture, what is an important consideration regarding the angle of insertion?

The correct angle is 15–30° depending on vein depth.

What might happen if the tourniquet is left on for more than 1 minute during venipuncture?

It can cause hemoconcentration leading to falsely elevated potassium levels.

What is a key step in maintaining the chain of custody?

Any break in the chain voids results, crucial for legal tests.