unit 7 apwh

possibly the most tragic world period 1900-now EASY

Russo-Japanese War

Russo-Japanese War

OVER CONTROL FOR KOREA AND MANCHURIA. JAPAN WINS.

Duma

A representative council in Russia. (An attempt to prevent any overthrowing of the government).

Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)

Attempted to reform the 30 year dictatorship, which results in a constitutional republic thanks to Francisco Madero.

Mexican Constitution.

a) Who founded relativity? b) What is relativity?

a) Albert Einstein

b) Theory explaining the relationship between space and time

What is positivism?

The study of society to reveal a true nature of how society operates.

You’re positive of something that is very obviously a thing. That thing, you can observe and analyze. You can use the scientific method on it, and that’s what makes you so positive about how it is, the way it is.

What are the three stages of positivism? + Define.

1. Theological - Natural phenomena are explained as being the result of supernatural or divine powers.

2. Metaphysical - Guided by rational/scientific understanding through physical sciences.

3. Positive - Society contains their own individual rights through the development of social science.

World War I (1914-1918)

Global conflict between the Allies and Central Powers.

Who were the Allied?

Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Russia, United States.

Who were the Central Powers?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

Franz Ferdinand and his assassination.

Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Gavrilo Princip (Serbian) assassinated him as a notion for freedom for some Balkan states. The assassination by the Black Hand set off the war.

What else set off WWI?

• ALLIANCES: Third Alliance - Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary meanwhile Triple Entente - Russia, Britain, France.

• Competition for power amongst the West, along with the desire for expansion within colonial borders in Africa.

Total War

The people are willing to focus on victory in the war, despite it all. Usually the economy focuses on war production during this time.

Schlieffen Plan

Germany were to invade France through Belgium, then Russia in case for war.

What was so bad about this war?

Tanks, poison gas (mustard), flamethrowers, trench warfare all raised death tolls to the highest ever seen in a war, especially for 4 years. LOST GENERATION.

Arabs’ Promise from Britain

Once the Ottoman Empire joined Germany, the British stirred up self-determination amongst Arabs to recruit soldiers.

1916, Ottomans are overturned by the Arab Revolt. Britain fails to give what they promised.

Mandate System

The League of Nations passed this which gave Japan, France, and Britain the power to control many Ottoman states like Palestine.

Armenian Genocide

The Ottoman Empire attempted to solidify their Muslim rule through deportation and massacres of the Armenian Christians.

Treaty of Versailles

Germany is to pay off war reparations for France and Britain, as well as give up all of their colonies.

League of Nations

First international organization aiming to maintain peace.

Bolsheviks

MARXIST LABOUR PARTY OF RUSSIA.

Russian Revolution (1917)

Vladimir Lenin along with the Bolsheviks had the Duma removed, as well as overthrow the Tsarist government. (Also Russia surrendered to Germany??)

Treaty of Brest-Litovs (1918)

Treaty where Russia retreated from WWI, which has Russia lose territories to Germany. This did help Russia form the USSR.

Vladimir Lenin’s Reign

He distributes land and factories were redistributed to peasants, and agriculture was collectivized. Also implemented the New Economic Policy which farmers sell grains and there was competition (capitalistic, since previously the economy was not working).

Russian Civil War (1917-1922)

White Army (anti-communist with the support of Britain and U.S.) V.S. the Red Army (Lenin and communists).

The Red Army wins, however famine in Russia continues.

Kulaks

Wealthy peasants in Soviet Russia, resisting collectivization policies

Joseph Stalin (4)

After Lenin’s death, he came over and replaced the Economic Policy with the previous agriculture collectivization.

He also performed dekulakization (genocide!)

Established gulags (work camps) in Siberia, led the Holodomor, and brought the Great Purge to the USSR.

1.2 million Soviets dead.

Holodomor

Ukraine was strengthening, so Russia brings in a man-made famine to them.

Tutsi in Rwanda in the 1990s (genocide)

The Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) launched its attack on Tutsis were killed by Hutu militias.

Causes for the Great Depression (3)

Overproduction of products led to deflation in prices of agricultural products. Also, there’s buying on margin (RISKY), and a flawed banking system. This led to a nationwide (global) unemployment and unaffordability.

Buying on margin - means you are investing with borrowed money

Keynesian Economics

Basically, the government should intervene into the economy through spendings to increase demand. This helps stabilize the economy.

The New Deal

Imposed by President Roosevelt, it was a series of Keynesian reforms to the U.S. economy— RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM.

Public works and more jobs were created to help restart the capitalistic economy.

…But it did fail in the long run, and wouldn’t improve until WWII.

Germany and Keynesian Economics

Since there was a hyperinflation, Keynesian economics were adopted to help improve their economy— manufacture towards war and military.

Fascism RIGHTIST

Nationalistic, authoritarian political ideology characterized by a dictatorial leader with intolerance for freedoms and equality. Racist, homophobic, all of them.

Communism is very LEFTIST.

Fascist Economy

The sectors of the economy are the employers, trade unions and state officials— organs of the same body. Laissez-fare is heavy with this one, yet the government still has power to exert strong directive influence.

Adolf Hitler

Radical right-wing authoritarian assigned the fault (for Germany’s failing economy) to the “biologically inferior” groups such as the Jews. With the German lower class’s favor for Hitler, he initiated his own series of purges (Night of Long Knives) to any opposers.

Gestapo

Secret police for Hitler.

Benito Mussolini

Italian Fascist dictator during World War II. He ramped secret police, abolished freedoms and reformed the entire state to his sole benefit.

Governments with strong popular support in Brazil and Mexico

Mexico: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) helped improve the economy as a whole.

Brazil: First wave of general strikes and establishments of the Communist party.

Manchukuo

Puppet state of Japan established in Manchuria in N.E. China.

Greater East Asia Corporation Prosperity Sphere (GEACPS) omfg

A military/economic block consisting of East and Southeast Asia against Western colonization and manipulation.

Fails due to lack of mutual prosperity.

Indian National Congress

Party that aims for India’s independence against Britain. They’re known for their nonviolent protests.

West African resistance to French Rule through education.

Jomo Kenyatta and Leopold Senghor are known to be leaders who have gone through Western education. With that knowledge, black people would stage many strikes against France.

Spanish Civil War

Nationalists (Fascist) fought against the Republicans (Communists), with the Soviet Union and Germany aiding their individual parties. Fransisco Franco won.

Machurians V.S. Japaneses

Japan’s economy was failing, which had them attempt to conquer as to receive money out of it. They proceed to stage a nationalist Chinese attack onto Japanese railroads in Manchuria, which begins war.

They committed murders of many Chinese citizens, which caught the West’s attention.

What did the West do against Japan?

Implement an oil embargo against Japan.

But Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.

Hitler again.

Hitler began to remilitarize, annexed Austria along with positioning troops near France and Rhineland. And although he agreed to the Munich Agreement (German annexation of Sudetenland), he proceeded to take all of Czechoslovakia.

P.S. What promises does Hitler break?

Treaty of Versailles, Munich Agreement, Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression pact

World War II (WWII) (1939-1945)

Allies and Axis powers fought against each other, as Germany, Italy and Japan were out of control. Major events are Pearl Harbor, D-Day, Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Allies in WWII

Soviet Union, Britain, and United States (later).

How did WWII end?

Bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki had Japan surrender. (why kill innocent people and not… the gov??? or important stuff?? idk)